ArticleJournal of affective disorders2021
Socio-demographic, behavioural and psycho-social factors associated with depression in two Russian cities.
Article in Journal of affective disorders, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Depression and psychiatric help-seeking as joint outcomes: a Bayesian multilevel analysis of household-level dependence.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2026Article
- Relationship Between the Socio-Demographic Index and the Burden of Depressive Disorders in Asia (2010-2021): A Population Based Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Associations of depressive symptoms, social engagement and support, and lifestyle behaviors among non-Hispanic black and Hispanic men with chronic conditions in the United States.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Depressive symptom trajectories among general population during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iceland: a prospective cohort study (2020-2023).BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Housing debt and depressive symptoms: evidence from the China family panel studies.BMC psychology · 2024Article
- Association of remnant cholesterol with depression among US adults.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Assessing the interaction effects of brain structure longitudinal changes and life environmental factors on depression and anxiety.Human brain mapping · 2023Article
- The Prevalence of Depression Symptoms and Their Socioeconomic and Health Predictors in a Local Community with a High Deprivation: A Cross-Sectional Studies.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
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Abstract
backgroundRussia has a high burden of suicide and alcohol-attributable mortality. However there have been few studies of the epidemiology of depression.
methodsThe study population was 5077 men and women aged 35-69 years from a cross-sectional population based survey in the cities of Arkhangelsk and Novosibirsk (2015-17). Moderate depression was defined as Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score≥10. Risk factors considered were socio-demographic factors (age, sex, marital status, living alone, education, employment status, financial constraints); health behaviours (smoking, alcohol use) and psycho-social factors (life events and social support).
resultsAfter mutual adjustment for all other factors, there was evidence that PHQ-9≥10 was associated with sex (higher in women), financial constraints, employment status, being a non-drinker, problem drinking, smoking, not having enough people to confide in and the number of life events in the past 6 months. Employment status was more strongly associated in men (OR 1.84 (95%CI 1.17, 2.88)) than women (OR 1.15 95% CI 0.86, 1.55). The effect size was particularly striking for financial constraints (odd ratio over 3 times higher in those with not enough money for food and clothes compared to no financial constraints), problem drinking (OR 1.72 (1.12, 2.65) among drinkers with CAGE score of 2 and 2.25 (95% CI 1.42, 3.57) in those with score ≥3 compared to zero) and life events (85% higher odds in those experiencing one life event and over 4 times higher odds in those experiencing 3 or more life events) all of which demonstrated a dose-response with PHQ-9>=10. LIMITATIONS: The study was cross-sectional in nature therefore temporal relationships could not be assessed.
conclusionsWe have identified here a range of risk factors for depression among the Russian general population consistent with findings from other populations. The strikingly strong association with financial constraints indicates the importance of social inequality for the burden of depression.
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