SynthesisRheumatology (Oxford, England)2021
Cognitive dysfunction and associated neuroimaging biomarkers in antiphospholipid syndrome: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association between systemic lupus erythematosus and cognitive impairment or dementia: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Association between systemic rheumatic diseases and dementia risk: A meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Clemastine alleviates cognitive dysfunction after SAH by targeting neuronal CNTN1 to regulate the ADA-adenosine pathway.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Alexithymia and Psychological Profile in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Clinical and Immunological Correlates.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Neurovascular complications of antiphospholipid syndrome: a narrative review.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2024Review
- Rivaroxaban for stroke patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (RISAPS): protocol for a randomized controlled, phase IIb proof-of-principle trial.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2024Article
- Neurovascular Issues in Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Arterial Vasculopathy from Small to Large Vessels in a Neuroradiological Perspective.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Stroke in a Patient With Antiphospholipid Syndrome.Cureus · 2024Article
- Stroke and Risk Factors in Antiphospholipid Syndrome.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light concentrations reflect neuronal damage in systemic lupus Erythematosus.BMC neurology · 2022Article
- Cognitive Impairment in Anti-Phospholipid Syndrome and Anti-Phospholipid Antibody Carriers.Brain sciences · 2022Review
- Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Antiphospholipid Syndrome-A Narrative Review.Brain sciences · 2022Review
- Pathogenesis and treatment of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: A review.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesCognitive dysfunction is common in patients with aPL (including primary APS or APS associated with SLE). Neuroimaging biomarkers may contribute to our understanding of mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction in these cohorts. This review aimed to investigate: (i) the prevalence of cognitive dysfunction in studies including neuroimaging biomarkers; and (ii) associations between cognition and neuroimaging biomarkers in patients with APS/aPL.
methodsWe conducted a systematic search of electronic databases PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and PsycINFO, and included studies with descriptions of neuroimaging findings, cognitive dysfunction or both, in patients with aPL positivity (LA, IgG and IgM aCL and anti-β2 glycoprotein-I antibodies).
resultsOf 120 search results we included 20 eligible studies (6 APS, 4 SLE with APS/aPL and 10 NPSLE). We identified a medium risk of bias in 6/11 (54%) of cohort studies and 44% of case-control studies, as well as marked heterogeneity in cognitive assessment batteries, APS and aPL definitions, and neuroimaging modalities and protocols. The prevalence of cognitive dysfunction ranged between 11 and 60.5%. Structural MRI was the most common imaging modality, reporting cognitive dysfunction to be associated with white matter hyperintensities, ischaemic lesions and cortical atrophy (four with cerebral atrophy, two with white matter hyperintensities and two with cerebral infarcts).
conclusionOur findings confirm that cognitive impairment is commonly found in patients with aPL (including APS, SLE and NPSLE). The risk of bias, and heterogeneity in the cognitive and neuroimaging biomarkers reported does not allow for definitive conclusions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.