ArticleDiabetologia2021
Peripheral immune circadian variation, synchronisation and possible dysrhythmia in established type 1 diabetes.
Article in Diabetologia, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Polymorphisms in CLOCK and ARNTL/BMAL-1 genes in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of medical research · 2026Pooled it
- Diurnal Variation of Islet Autoantibody Titers in Established Type 1 Diabetes Suggests Restricted-Time Sampling Improves Aab Measurement and Detection.Research square · 2026Article
- Clock genes in pancreatic disease progression: from circadian regulation to dysfunction.Annals of medicine · 2025Review
- Circadian Clock: A Regulator of Immunity in Autoimmune Diseases.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Review
- Mapping the daily rhythmic transcriptome in the diabetic retina.Vision research · 2024Article
- Type I Diabetes Pathoetiology and Pathophysiology: Roles of the Gut Microbiome, Pancreatic Cellular Interactions, and the 'Bystander' Activation of Memory CD8International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Maintenance of Enteral ACE2 Prevents Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 1 Diabetes.Circulation research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aims/hypothesisThe circadian clock influences both diabetes and immunity. Our goal in this study was to characterise more thoroughly the circadian patterns of immune cell populations and cytokines that are particularly relevant to the immune pathology of type 1 diabetes and thus fill in a current gap in our understanding of this disease.
methodsTen individuals with established type 1 diabetes (mean disease duration 11 years, age 18-40 years, six female) participated in a circadian sampling protocol, each providing six blood samples over a 24 h period.
resultsDaily ranges of population frequencies were sometimes large and possibly clinically significant. Several immune populations, such as dendritic cells, CD4 and CD8 T cells and their effector memory subpopulations, CD4 regulatory T cells, B cells and cytokine IL-6, exhibited statistically significant circadian rhythmicity. In a comparison with historical healthy control individuals, but using shipped samples, we observed that participants with type 1 diabetes had statistically significant phase shifts occurring in the time of peak occurrence of B cells (+4.8 h), CD4 and CD8 T cells (~ +5 h) and their naive and effector memory subsets (~ +3.3 to +4.5 h), and regulatory T cells (+4.1 h). An independent streptozotocin murine experiment confirmed the phase shifting of CD8 T cells and suggests that circadian dysrhythmia in type 1 diabetes might be an effect and not a cause of the disease. CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationFuture efforts investigating this newly described aspect of type 1 diabetes in human participants are warranted. Peripheral immune populations should be measured near the same time of day in order to reduce circadian-related variation.
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Registered trials
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