ReviewTissue barriers2021
Surface charge, glycocalyx, and blood-brain barrier function.
Review in Tissue barriers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Breaking Biological Barriers: Engineering Nanocarriers for Efficient Drug and Gene Delivery through Nano-Bio Interfaces and Biophysical Design.Applied physics reviews · 2026Article
- Evaluating the endothelial glycocalyx from bench to bedside: a translational framework for microvascular assessment.Angiogenesis · 2026Review
- Shock Induced Endotheliopathy and High Trauma Mortality-Fight-or-Flight Response Revisited.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Actively targeted dendrimer-metal organic framework drug delivery nanoplatform for the treatment of neuroblastoma.RSC advances · 2026Article
- Shear Stress: An Underrecognized Driver of Endothelial Inflammation in Acute Ischemic Stroke.Cells · 2026Article
- Manuscript DMD-D-25-00346 The impact of glycocalyx on partitioning and distribution of basic drugs.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals · 2026Article
- Junctions, Transporters, and Interactions of Endothelial Cells: Regulation by Ethanol.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Bioconjugates for improved delivery of oligonucleotide therapeutics to the central nervous system.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2026Review
- Crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier with Molecularly Imprinted Polymeric Nanocarriers: An Emerging Frontier in Brain Disease Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Brain Endothelial Glycocalyx as a Blood-Facing Translational Interface in Alzheimer's Disease: Beyond "Leaky" Barriers Toward Repair-First Stratification.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- Dynamic modulation of the blood-brain barrier in the healthy brain.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2025Review
- Amyloid β Peptide Modifies Membrane Architecture and Surface Electrostatic Properties of Human Red Blood Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Antibody-conjugated polymer nanoparticles for brain cancer.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Review
- Emerging anti-inflammatory nanosystems targeted to the brain.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2025Review
- PepH3-modified nanocarriers for delivery of therapeutics across the blood-brain barrier.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2025Article
- Enhanced Intranasal Delivery of Atorvastatin via Superparamagnetic Iron-Oxide-Loaded Nanocarriers: Cytotoxicity and Inflammation Evaluation and In Vivo, In Silico, and Network Pharmacology Study for Targeting Glioblastoma Management.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Much More than Nutrients: The Protective Effects of Nutraceuticals on the Blood-Brain Barrier in Diseases.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Alanine and glutathione targeting of dopamine- or ibuprofen-coupled polypeptide nanocarriers increases both crossing and protective effects on a blood-brain barrier model.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2025Article
- Prediction of the Extent of Blood-Brain Barrier Transport Using Machine Learning and Integration into the LeiCNS-PK3.0 Model.Pharmaceutical research · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The negative surface charge of brain microvessel endothelial cells is derived from the special composition of their membrane lipids and the thick endothelial surface glycocalyx. They are important elements of the unique defense systems of the blood-brain barrier. The tissue-specific properties, components, function and charge of the brain endothelial glycocalyx have only been studied in detail in the past 15 years. This review highlights the importance of the negative surface charge in the permeability of macromolecules and nanoparticles as well as in drug interactions. We discuss surface charge and glycoxalyx changes in pathologies related to the brain microvasculature and protective measures against glycocalyx shedding and damage. We present biophysical techniques, including a microfluidic chip device, to measure surface charge of living brain endothelial cells and imaging methods for visualization of surface charge and glycocalyx.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.