ReviewAnnals of biomedical engineering2021
3D Printing for Cardiovascular Applications: From End-to-End Processes to Emerging Developments.
Review in Annals of biomedical engineering, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Decoding triple negative breast cancer bone metastasis: from 3D bioprinted models to clinical translation.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Three-Dimensional Printing in Cardiovascular Medicine: Clinical Applications and Technological Advancements.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2026Review
- Digital Twins in Personalized Medicine: Bridging Innovation and Clinical Reality.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Review
- 3D Printing Assisted Wearable and Implantable Biosensors.Biosensors · 2025Review
- Not all children are the same: how the Aesculapius project uses imaging to bridge the gap in Congenital Heart Diseases.European heart journal. Imaging methods and practice · 2025Review
- 3D printing of stents via two-photon polymerization.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Advancements in Coronary Bifurcation Stenting Techniques: Insights From Computational and Bench Testing Studies.International journal for numerical methods in biomedical engineering · 2025Review
- High-fidelity, personalized cardiac modeling via AI-driven 3D reconstruction and embedded silicone rubber printing.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Cardiovascular computed tomography in cardiovascular disease: An overview of its applications from diagnosis to prediction.Journal of geriatric cardiology : JGC · 2024Article
- The Application of Precision Medicine in Structural Heart Diseases: A Step towards the Future.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Review
- Cardiovascular Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease: Beyond Lumen Assessment.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2024Review
- "From Vision to Reality: Virtual Reality's Impact on Baffle Planning in Congenital Heart Disease".Pediatric cardiology · 2024Article
- Three-dimensional printed models as an effective tool for the management of complex congenital heart disease.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Three-dimensional printing in modelling mitral valve interventions.Echo research and practice · 2023Review
- Review
- Annotated computed tomography coronary angiogram images and associated data of normal and diseased arteries.Scientific data · 2023Article
- Combining Cell Technologies With Biomimetic Tissue Engineering Applications: A New Paradigm for Translational Cardiovascular Therapies.Stem cells translational medicine · 2023Review
- Fabrication of deformable patient-specific AAA models by material casting techniques.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Article
- Algorithms used in medical image segmentation for 3D printing and how to understand and quantify their performance.3D printing in medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
3D printing as a means of fabrication has seen increasing applications in medicine in the last decade, becoming invaluable for cardiovascular applications. This rapidly developing technology has had a significant impact on cardiovascular research, its clinical translation and education. It has expanded our understanding of the cardiovascular system resulting in better devices, tools and consequently improved patient outcomes. This review discusses the latest developments and future directions of generating medical replicas ('phantoms') for use in the cardiovascular field, detailing the end-to-end process from medical imaging to capture structures of interest, to production and use of 3D printed models. We provide comparisons of available imaging modalities and overview of segmentation and post-processing techniques to process images for printing, detailed exploration of latest 3D printing methods and materials, and a comprehensive, up-to-date review of milestone applications and their impact within the cardiovascular domain across research, clinical use and education. We then provide an in-depth exploration of future technologies and innovations around these methods, capturing opportunities and emerging directions across increasingly realistic representations, bioprinting and tissue engineering, and complementary virtual and mixed reality solutions. The next generation of 3D printing techniques allow patient-specific models that are increasingly realistic, replicating properties, anatomy and function.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.