Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34002278›Full record

ArticleAmino acids2021

Lyophilization and homogenization of biological samples improves reproducibility and reduces standard deviation in molecular biology techniques.

Agnes Molnar, Tamas Lakat, Adam Hosszu, Beata Szebeni, Anna Balogh, Laszlo Orfi, Attila J Szabo, Andrea Fekete, Judit Hodrea

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Amino acids, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed.

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  9. Passive Sampling of Urban Runoff Solids to Capture Environmental DNA for the Detection of Rodents in Urban Spaces.Water environment research : a research publication of the Water Environment Federation · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
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  14. Optimizing protein yield from growing deer antlers.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Agnes Molnar *SE Diabetes Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
Tamas Lakat *SE Diabetes Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
Adam HosszuSE Diabetes Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
Beata Szebeni1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
Anna Balogh1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
Laszlo OrfiDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
Attila J Szabo1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
Andrea FeketeSE Diabetes Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary. fekete.andrea@med.semmelweis-univ.hu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0210-153X
Judit HodreaSE Diabetes Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.

Funding

Higher Education Institutional Excellence Program 2020-4.1.1.-TKP2020-6183069269Higher Education Institutional Excellence Program 2020-4.1.1.-TKP2020-6183169273National Research, Development and Innovation Office 2017-1.3.1-VKE-2017-00006National Research, Development and Innovation Office FK-124491National Research, Development and Innovation Office K135398National Research, Development and Innovation Office OTKA-PD 131637
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Lyophilization is a cost-effective method for biological specimen preservation but detailed tissue-specific reference protocols are still lacking. Moreover, data are limited on the long-term stability of proteins and nucleic acids in lyophilized samples.Here, we offer lyophilization protocols for various rat and mouse tissues (kidney, heart, liver, lung, aorta, and skin) coupled with technical hints for optimal sample preparation. We demonstrate that lyophilized samples stored at 4 °C for 20 months can yield protein and RNA of similar quantity and quality to -80 °C storage, while phosphorylated proteins are preserved as well. Freeze-dried and subsequently pulverized samples can provide more consistent, more reliable data especially when investigating focal injuries, such as fibrosis. We developed a protocol for the concentration of biological solutions and achieved 20-times concentration in human peritoneal dialysis effluent solution which enables the previously unattainable detection of proteins in these samples. We established a method for water removal as well as accurate water content measurement of fecal samples, which can be valuable for gut metabolome analysis.Taken together, lyophilization is a valuable tool for the preservation of biological samples with many advantages. We aim to draw attention to the wide range of possibilities offered by freeze drying in pre-clinical or basic research.

Indexed as

Specimen HandlingAnimalsFreeze DryingHumansMiceMolecular BiologyRatsFreeze dryingHomogenizationLyophilizationProtein stabilityRNA stabilityTissue storage

Identifiers

PMID34002278
PMCPMC8128086

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.