ReviewNature medicine2021
Health systems resilience in managing the COVID-19 pandemic: lessons from 28 countries.
Review in Nature medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 597 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
597 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Availability and affordability of essential medicines in African low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2014-2025).BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Emerging Viral Zoonotic Diseases, 2016-2026.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus as a predictor of severe outcomes in COVID-19 - a systematic review and meta-analyses.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Ten pressure points in primary care during COVID-19: findings from an international narrative review.BMC primary care · 2025Pooled it
- The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on measles vaccination coverage.Cadernos de saude publica · 2025Pooled it
- Factors that influence recruitment to COVID-19 vaccine trials: a qualitative evidence synthesis.Trials · 2024Pooled it
- How to Improve People's Intentions Regarding COVID-19 Vaccination in China: A Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2025Trial
- Respiratory pandemic risk in the Anthropocene: A One Health framework and GISRS+ agenda.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Managing health systems under armed conflict: a scoping review of international evidence and a document review of Iranian experiences.Global health action · 2026Article
- Impact of on-site mobile CT imaging on prehospital patient management during the Munich Oktoberfest: a retrospective observational before-after study at a mass gathering.BMC emergency medicine · 2026Observational
- Australian Community Health and Primary Health Care Policies from 1970s to 2020s: A Policy Analysis of Changing Interpretations.International journal of social determinants of health and health services · 2026Article
- Qualitative Exploration of Need for Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Care and Service Pathways Readiness During Pandemic in Nepal.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026Article
- Performance indicators for evaluating and optimising hospital services during COVID-19: a scoping review.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Article
- The Spatiotemporal Threshold Effects of Health Expenditure and Health Developmental Assistances on Health-Related Outcome in Sub-Saharan Africa Post Covid19: The Case of the Public-Private Partnerships Donors.The International journal of health planning and management · 2026Article
- Nipah virus and the lessons of COVID-19: are we prepared for the next pandemic threat?Infectious medicine · 2026Review
- System's Crisis Resilience as a Societal Crisis: Knowledge Structure and Gaze of the Finnish Health Care System.Health care analysis : HCA : journal of health philosophy and policy · 2026Article
- Improving Risk Communication and Community Engagement for Public Health Emergencies in China: A State-guided Cooperative Trust Model.China CDC weekly · 2026Article
- "We built the ship as we sailed it": exploring public health outreach targeting communities shaped by migration in Stockholm, Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Direct and spillover hospitalisation patterns during climate hazards across regions of different health-system resilience levels in China: a nationwide retrospective analysis.The Lancet. Planetary health · 2026Observational
537 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Health systems resilience is key to learning lessons from country responses to crises such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this perspective, we review COVID-19 responses in 28 countries using a new health systems resilience framework. Through a combination of literature review, national government submissions and interviews with experts, we conducted a comparative analysis of national responses. We report on domains addressing governance and financing, health workforce, medical products and technologies, public health functions, health service delivery and community engagement to prevent and mitigate the spread of COVID-19. We then synthesize four salient elements that underlie highly effective national responses and offer recommendations toward strengthening health systems resilience globally.
Indexed as
Identifiers
34002090What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.