Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34002069›Full record

ReviewNature reviews. Urology2021

Treatment and trials in non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Soum D Lokeshwar, Zachary Klaassen, Fred Saad

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nature reviews. Urology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
5.9field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Prostate cancer biomarkers: from early diagnosis to precision treatment.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2024
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Targeting PI3K/Akt signaling in prostate cancer therapy.Journal of cell communication and signaling · 2023
    Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Soum D LokeshwarYale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Zachary KlaassenDivision of Urology, Department of Surgery, Augusta University - Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA.
Fred SaadCentre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada. fred.saad@umontreal.ca.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2986-5617
Augusta University · USCentre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal · CAYale University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Metastatic prostate cancer is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Standard treatment for non-metastatic prostate cancer, to prevent metastatic progression, is androgen deprivation therapy (ADT); however, many patients will eventually develop castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which can prove challenging to treat. Between the stages of non-metastatic androgen-sensitive disease and metastatic CRPC is an intermediate disease state that has been termed non-metastatic CRPC (nmCRPC), which is a heterogeneous, man-made disease stage that occurs after a patient who has no radiological evidence of metastasis shows evidence of cancer progression even after ADT. Awareness of nmCRPC has risen owing to an increased use of ADT and its eventual failure. Men with nmCRPC are at a high risk of progression to mCRPC, with historically few options to halt this process. However, in the past two decades, multiple therapies have been investigated for the treatment of nmCRPC, including endothelin receptor antagonists and bone-targeted therapies, but none has changed the standard of care. In the past decade, the efficacy of androgen receptor pathway-targeting modalities has been investigated. Three novel nonsteroidal antiandrogen agents for treating high-risk nmCRPC have been investigated; the PROSPER, SPARTAN and ARAMIS trials were phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials that investigated the efficacy and safety of enzalutamide, apalutamide and darolutamide, respectively. All three therapeutics showed statistically significant improvements in metastasis-free survival, progression to antineoplastic therapy was lengthened and at final analysis, overall survival was significantly improved. The comparative efficacy and safety of all three agents has not yet been investigated in a comprehensive clinical trial, but approval of these medications by the FDA and other regulatory agencies means that providers now have three effective therapeutic options to augment ADT for patients with nmCRPC.

Indexed as

AdenocarcinomaBenzamidesHumansMaleNeoplasm StagingNitrilesNonsteroidal Anti-AndrogensPhenylthiohydantoinProgression-Free SurvivalProstatic Neoplasms, Castration-ResistantPyrazolesRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicSurvival RateThiohydantoinsapalutamideBenzamidesdarolutamideenzalutamideNitrilesNonsteroidal Anti-AndrogensPhenylthiohydantoinPyrazolesThiohydantoins

Identifiers

PMID34002069
OpenAlexW3162712564

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.