ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2022
Modulation of immune responses to vaccination by the microbiota: implications and potential mechanisms.
Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05157425 (Efficacy and Safety of a Multistrain Probiotic Formula to Boost the Immune Response to Influenza Virus Vaccination), which is not on this map. Cited by 204 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Efficacy and Safety of a Multistrain Probiotic Formula to Boost the Immune Response to Influenza Virus Vaccination
Who cites it
204 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 274 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-analysis of 16S rRNA microbial data identified alterations of the gut microbiota in COVID-19 patients during the acute and recovery phases.BMC microbiology · 2022Pooled it
- Parenteral Vaccine-Induced Antibody Levels in Children with Heavy Antibiotic Exposure in Dhaka, Bangladesh.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2026Trial
- Trial
- The potential immunological mechanisms of gut microbiota dysbiosis caused by antibiotics exacerbate the lethality of influenza viruses.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Klebsiella-dominant gut communities are associated with impeded oral rotavirus vaccine response in infants.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Article
- Gut microbiome-enteric virus interactions: mechanisms, clinical implications, and translational directions.Journal of gastroenterology · 2026Review
- Integrative reverse vaccinology and computational modeling for the rational design of a broadly immunogenic multi-epitope vaccine against Marburg virus infection.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines as Antigen-Agnostic Immunomodulators: A Repurposing Perspective.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Insights into Microbiota-Vaccine Crosstalk in Humans: Mechanisms, Modulators, and Translational Horizons.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Dirty mice better recapitulate key features of mRNA vaccine immunogenicity observed in humans.mBio · 2026Article
- Evaluating the impact of immunization with the "pan-fungal" vaccine, NXT-2, on the gut mycobiome and microbiome in non-human primates (NHPs).Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- From Mycosynthesis to Immunomodulation: Exploring the Safety, Adjuvant Potential and Microbiota Impact of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles.Microbial biotechnology · 2026Article
- Early-life gut microbiome composition and rotavirus vaccine-induced IgA responses in U.S. infants: a longitudinal cohort study.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Article
- COVID-19 Vaccine Reactogenicity Marks an Innate Inflammatory Response Associated With HLA Variation and Enhanced Protection.Research square · 2026Article
- Coated Bacterial Vaccine Platform Overcomes Weak Antigen Immunogenicity: A Functional Approach to GnRH-Based Immunocastration.Biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Beyond the germ: Rethinking implant-related infections as a host-microbiota-biomaterial ecosystem.Biofilm · 2026Review
- Article
- Influence of Gut Microbiota on Immune Responses and Protection in Volunteers Receiving the Live Attenuated Oral ETEC Vaccine ACE257 followed by Virulent ETEC H10407 Challenge.Research square · 2026Article
144 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The need for highly effective vaccines that induce robust and long-lasting immunity has never been more apparent. However, for reasons that are still poorly understood, immune responses to vaccination are highly variable between different individuals and different populations. Furthermore, vaccine immunogenicity is frequently suboptimal in the very populations who are at most risk from infectious disease, including infants, the elderly, and those living in low-income and middle-income countries. Although many factors have the potential to influence vaccine immunogenicity and therefore vaccine effectiveness, increasing evidence from clinical studies and animal models now suggests that the composition and function of the gut microbiota are crucial factors modulating immune responses to vaccination. In this Review, we synthesize this evidence, discuss the immunological mechanisms that potentially mediate these effects and consider the potential of microbiota-targeted interventions to optimize vaccine effectiveness.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.