Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34001994›Full record

ArticleNPJ precision oncology2021

A tyrosine kinase inhibitor-induced interferon response positively associates with clinical response in EGFR-mutant lung cancer.

Natalia J Gurule, Caroline E McCoach, Trista K Hinz, Daniel T Merrick, Adriaan Van Bokhoven, Jihye Kim, Tejas Patil, Jacob Calhoun, Raphael A Nemenoff, Aik Choon Tan and 2 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in NPJ precision oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
30citing papers in PubMed
3.7field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

30 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Therapeutic vaccines for NSCLC: From mechanisms to clinical translation.Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine · 2026
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  7. EGFR: New Insights on Its Activation and Mutation in Tumor and Tumor Immunotherapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Natalia J GuruleDepartment of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Caroline E McCoachDepartment of Medicine and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Trista K HinzDepartment of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Daniel T MerrickDepartment of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Adriaan Van BokhovenDepartment of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Jihye KimDepartment of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Tejas PatilDepartment of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4389-1010
Jacob CalhounDepartment of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Raphael A NemenoffDepartment of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2369-2535
Aik Choon TanMoffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2955-8369
Robert C DoebeleDepartment of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA. Robert.Doebele@cuanschutz.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6728-6857
Lynn E HeasleyDepartment of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA. Lynn.Heasley@cuanschutz.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8056-0208
University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus · USMoffitt Cancer Center · USUniversity of California, San Francisco · USVA Eastern Colorado Health Care System · US

Funding

University of Colorado Cancer Center Support Grant - Lung Cancer Patient-Derived Xenografts with Autologous Human Immune SystemsP30CA046934 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI James V Degregori · 1988 to 2026
$117.0M
Tissue Bank and Biomarkers CoreP50CA058187 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI NEMENOFF, RAPHAEL A. · 1992 to 2018
$43.8M
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA046934NCI NIH HHS P50 CA058187
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting EGFR-mutant lung cancers promote a range of tumor regression responses to yield variable residual disease, a likely incubator for acquired resistance. Herein, rapid transcriptional responses induced by TKIs early in treatment that associate with the range of patient responses were explored. RNAseq was performed on EGFR mutant cell lines treated in vitro with osimertinib and on tumor biopsies of eight EGFR mutant lung cancer patients before and after 2 weeks of TKI treatment. Data were evaluated for gene expression programs altered upon TKI treatment. Chemokine and cytokine expression were measured by ELISA and quantitative RT-PCR. IκB Kinase (IKK) and JAK-STAT pathway dependence was tested with pharmacologic and molecular inhibitors. Tumor sections were stained for the T-cell marker CD3. Osimertinib stimulated dynamic, yet wide-ranging interferon (IFN) program regulation in EGFR mutant cell lines. IL6 and CXCL10 induction varied markedly among the EGFR mutant cell lines and was sensitive to IKK and JAK-STAT inhibitors. Analysis of matched patient biopsy pairs revealed marked, yet varied enrichment of IFN transcriptional programs, effector immune cell signatures and T-cell content in treated tumors that positively correlated with time to progression in the patients. EGFR-specific TKIs induce wide-ranging IFN response program activation originating within the cancer cell. The strong association of IFN program induction and duration of clinical response indicates that the TKI-induced IFN program instructs variable recruitment and participation of immune cells in the overall therapeutic response.

Identifiers

PMID34001994
PMCPMC8129124
OpenAlexW3163472912

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.