Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34001977›Full record

Observational studyScientific reports2021

Increased expression of Protein S in eyes with diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema.

Masahiko Sugimoto, Mineo Kondo, Taro Yasuma, Corina N D'Alessandro-Gabazza, Masaaki Toda, Hisanori Imai, Makoto Nakamura, Esteban C Gabazza

Open access · goldAbstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
0.4field-weighted citation impact, top 38% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Circadian Regulation of Retinal Pigment Epithelium Function.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Masahiko SugimotoDepartment of Ophthalmology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan. sugmochi@clin.medic.mie-u.ac.jp.
Mineo KondoDepartment of Ophthalmology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
Taro YasumaDepartment of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan.
Corina N D'Alessandro-GabazzaDepartment of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan.
Masaaki TodaDepartment of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan.
Hisanori ImaiDivision of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
Makoto NakamuraDivision of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
Esteban C GabazzaDepartment of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan.
Mie University · JPKobe University · JP

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Protein S (PS) is a multifunctional glycoprotein that ameliorates the detrimental effects of diabetes mellitus (DM). The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of PS in diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME). This was a study of 50 eyes with DM (37 with DME, 6 with proliferative DR, and 7 with no DR) and 19 eyes without DM. The level of PS was measured by enzyme immunoassay and was compared between eyes with or without DM, with or without DME, and with severe DME (≥ 350 μm) or mild DME (< 350 μm). We also performed immunohistopathologic evaluations of post-mortem eyes and the cystoid lesions excised during surgery. The aqueous free PS was significantly higher with DM (7.9 ± 1.2 ng/ml, P < 0.01) than without DM (6.1 ± 0.7). The aqueous free PS was significantly elevated with DME (8.2 ± 1.2, P < 0.05) compared to proliferative DR (7.0 ± 1.0) and no DR (7.0 ± 0.7). Eyes with severe DME had significantly higher aqueous free PS than mild DME (8.5 ± 1.3 vs. 7.7 ± 1.0, P < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed PS in the outer plexiform layer of the retina and cystoid lesion. The higher expression of PS with DR and DME suggests that PS is involved in their pathogenesis.

Indexed as

AgedAged, 80 and overAqueous HumorDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diabetic RetinopathyFemaleHumansMacular EdemaMaleMiddle AgedProtein SRetinaSeverity of Illness IndexTomography, Optical CoherencePROS1 protein, humanProtein S

Identifiers

PMID34001977
PMCPMC8129118
OpenAlexW3160159137

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.