ArticleParasites & vectors2021
Monitoring the patterns of submission and presence of tick-borne pathogens in Ixodes scapularis collected from humans and companion animals in Ontario, Canada (2011-2017).
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Exploring prediction of tick and tick-borne encephalitis cases in Sweden using citizen science data.iScience · 2026Article
- Assessing the Effectiveness of Crowdsourced Data to Detect Established Tick Populations in Quebec, Canada: Retrospective Ecological Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2026Article
- Surveillance forCanada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2026Article
- Surveillance forCanada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2026Article
- Genetic and Landscape Connectivity of Blacklegged Ticks During Range Expansion in Select States of the Midwestern USA.Ecology and evolution · 2025Article
- Tick Control Strategies: Critical Insights into Chemical, Biological, Physical, and Integrated Approaches for Effective Hard Tick Management.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Historical Summary of Tick and Animal Surveillance Studies for Lyme Disease in Canada, 1975-2023: A Scoping Review.Zoonoses and public health · 2025Article
- Age- and Sex-Specific Differences in Lyme Disease Health-Related Behaviors, Ontario, Canada, 2015-2022.Emerging infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Models and data used to predict the abundance and distribution ofLancet regional health. Americas · 2024Article
- High-resolution environmental and host-related factors impacting questingEcology and evolution · 2024Article
- Article
- Multiomics Reveals Symbionts, Pathogens, and Tissue-Specific Microbiome of Blacklegged Ticks (Ixodes scapularis) from a Lyme Disease Hot Spot in Southeastern Ontario, Canada.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Surveillance forCanada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2023Article
- HumanPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Surveillance forCanada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2022Article
- Article
- The Role of Ticks in the Emergence ofMicroorganisms · 2021Review
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8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe universal nature of the human-companion animal relationship and their shared ticks and tick-borne pathogens offers an opportunity for improving public and veterinary health surveillance. With this in mind, we describe the spatiotemporal trends for blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis) submissions from humans and companion animals in Ontario, along with pathogen prevalence.
methodsWe tested tick samples submitted through passive surveillance (2011-2017) from humans and companion animals for Borrelia burgdorferi, Borrelia miyamotoi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia microti. We describe pathogen prevalence in ticks from humans and from companion animals and constructed univariable Poisson and negative binomial regression models to explore the spatiotemporal relationship between the rates of tick submissions by host type.
resultsDuring the study, there were 17,230 blacklegged tick samples submitted from humans and 4375 from companion animals. Tick submission rates from companion animals were higher than expected in several public health units (PHUs) lacking established tick populations, potentially indicating newly emerging populations. Pathogen prevalence in ticks was higher in PHUs where established blacklegged tick populations exist. Borrelia burgdorferi prevalence was higher in ticks collected from humans (maximum likelihood estimate, MLE = 17.5%; 95% confidence interval, CI 16.97-18.09%) than from companion animals (9.9%, 95% CI 9.15-10.78%). There was no difference in pathogen prevalence in ticks by host type for the remaining pathogens, which were found in less than 1% of tested ticks. The most common co-infection B. burgdorferi + B. miyamotoi occurred in 0.11% of blacklegged ticks from humans and animals combined. Borrelia burgdorferi prevalence was higher in unengorged (21.9%, 95% CI 21.12-22.65%) than engorged ticks (10.0%, 95% CI 9.45-10.56%). There were no consistent and significant spatiotemporal relationships detected via regression models between the annual rates of submission of each host type.
conclusionsWhile B. burgdorferi has been present in blacklegged ticks in Ontario for several decades, other tick-borne pathogens are also present at low prevalence. Blacklegged tick and pathogen surveillance data can be used to monitor risk in human and companion animal populations, and efforts are under consideration to unite surveillance efforts for the different target populations.
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