SynthesisJournal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition2021
Performance effects of periodized carbohydrate restriction in endurance trained athletes - a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Low-Carbohydrate and Ketogenic Diets on Anaerobic Performance in Competitive Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Responses to Exercise with Low Carbohydrate Availability on Muscle Glycogen and Cell Signaling: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Pooled it
- The Effects of Concurrent Training Combined with Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Ketogenic Diet on Body Composition and Aerobic Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Association between dietary intake, energy availability, and recovery in young sub-elite Moroccan football players.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2026Article
- Exercise Training in the Fasted State During the Month of Ramadan: Acutely Ergolytic but Possibly Chronically Ergogenic? A Narrative Review with Systematic Search and Methodological Quality Assessment.Sports medicine - open · 2026Review
- Carnivore and Animal-Based Diets in Sport: A Critical Evaluation of Current Evidence and Future Perspectives for Precision Nutrition.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Carbohydrate Storage and Supplementation Strategies for Peak Performance in Cross-Country Skiing.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2026Review
- Training-Fuel Coupling (TFC): A Molecular Sports Nutrition Framework for Energy Availability, Chrono-Nutrition, and Performance Optimization.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Case Report: An integrated proposal for nutritional periodization and body mass loss management in a world boxing council super-bantamweight champion.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
- Consensus Document of the Spanish Nutrition Society (SEÑ) on Nutritional Strategies in Sports.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Review
- Consensus Statements-Optimizing Performance of the Elite Athlete.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2025Review
- Fueling Soccer Players: A Scoping Review and Audit of Literature Related to Soccer-Specific Guidelines for Carbohydrate Intake.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- Case Report: Anthropometric profile and weight control strategies in a world boxing champion.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Article
- A U-shaped dose-response of carbohydrate-protein supplementation on rowing performance.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Periodized carbohydrate intake influences metabolic flexibility and indices of running economy during endurance training in recreationally active males.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Article
- Improved physical performance of elite soccer players based on GPS results after 4 days of carbohydrate loading followed by 3 days of low carbohydrate diet.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2023Article
- The molecular athlete: exercise physiology from mechanisms to medals.Physiological reviews · 2023Review
- Carbohydrate intake before and during high intensity exercise with reduced muscle glycogen availability affects the speed of muscle reoxygenation and performance.European journal of applied physiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Endurance athletes typically consume carbohydrate-rich diets to allow for optimal performance during competitions and intense training. However, acute exercise studies have revealed that training or recovery with low muscle glycogen stimulates factors of importance for mitochondrial biogenesis in addition to favourable metabolic adaptations in trained athletes. Compromised training quality and particularly lower intensities in peak intervals seem to be a major drawback from dietary interventions with chronic carbohydrate (CHO) restriction. Therefore, the concept of undertaking only selected training sessions with restricted CHO availability (periodized CHO restriction) has been proposed for endurance athletes. However, the overall performance effect of this concept has not been systematically reviewed in highly adapted endurance-trained athletes. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis of training studies that fulfilled the following criteria: a) inclusion of females and males demonstrating a VO
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.