Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34001152›Full record

ArticleHealth and quality of life outcomes2021

Psychometric properties of the WHOQOL-BREF(PT) in a sample of elderly citizens.

Margarida Goes, Manuel Lopes, João Marôco, Henrique Oliveira, César Fonseca

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health and quality of life outcomes, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06235593 (Self-care in the Person With Chronic Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06235593 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

Self-care in the Person With Chronic Disease: A Protocol for a Self-care Intervention

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of ÉvoraRan2023 to 2024Enrolled400ConditionsChronic Disease, Self-ControlArmsSelf-care Intervention
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Systematic review of the factor structure of WHOQOL-bref in adult population.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. A pilot study of body-mind-spirit group therapy on sleep and quality of life in individuals with visual impairment.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026
    Trial
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  8. Risk Factors for Locomotive Syndrome in Brazilian Older Adults: A Nested Case-Control Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025
    Article
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  18. Review
  19. Psychometric Analysis of the Quarantine Coping Strategies Scale (Q-COPE) in the Spanish Language.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Margarida GoesSchool of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, Beja, Portugal.
Manuel LopesComprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal.
João MarôcoISPA - Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida, Lisbon, Portugal.
Henrique OliveiraSchool of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, Beja, Portugal. hjmo@lx.it.pt.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8687-4291
César FonsecaComprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal.

Funding

Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia UIDP/04923/2020
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe goal of this article was to research the psychometric properties of the WHOQOL-BREF(PT) instrument in a sample of elderly citizens residing in a rural area in their own homes or at family members' or friends' homes and to compare the results: (i) to those reported by the team of Portuguese researchers that undertaken the instrument's translation/validation to the Portuguese language and (ii) to those reported internationally by the World Health Organization Quality of Life group. An overall quality of life scoring (QOL

methodsThis was a cross-sectional study with a sample of 351 elderly citizens (46.4% males and 53.6% females) randomly selected from the official dataset of the Local Health Unit of Baixo Alentejo. All the data were collected by health professionals at the participants' homes following the structured interview methodology and using the WHOQOL-BREF(PT) instrument. Three different structural equation models were developed: (i) a first-order confirmatory factor analysis, to assess the instrument's psychometric properties; (ii) a hierarchical second-order confirmatory factor analysis model, to allow determining the QOL

resultsThe WHOQOL-BREF(PT) showed an "almost very good" goodness of fit (comparative fit index of 0.949 and Tucker-Lewis index of 0.943), an adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha: from 0.64 to 0.90; composite reliability: from 0.59 to 0.88) and tolerable convergent validity (average variance extracted: from 0.374 to 0.614). However, discriminant validity was not reached because strong correlations between the first-order factors (four QOL domains) were obtained, together with low values of the average variance extracted. The scoring of QOL domains and QOL

conclusionsThe WHOQOL-BREF(PT) is a psychometrically sound instrument to assess the QOL of the considered population sample. However, the QOL domains were found strongly intertwined. More studies are necessary to validate the weighted average scoring strategy of QOL domains and QOL

Indexed as

AgedAged, 80 and overCross-Sectional StudiesEthnicityFactor Analysis, StatisticalFemaleFrail ElderlyHumansIndependent LivingLatent Class AnalysisMalePortugalPsychometricsQuality of LifeReproducibility of ResultsRural PopulationElderlyPsychometric propertiesQuality of lifeStructural equation modellingWHOQOL-BREF

Identifiers

PMID34001152
PMCPMC8130270

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.