ArticleThe journal of headache and pain2021
Unilateral facial injection of Botulinum neurotoxin A attenuates bilateral trigeminal neuropathic pain and anxiety-like behaviors through inhibition of TLR2-mediated neuroinflammation in mice.
Article in The journal of headache and pain, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Clinical efficacy of escitalopram combined with botulinum toxin A in patients with generalized anxiety disorder and comorbid headache.Psychopharmacology · 2023Trial
- Targeting Neurovascular Inflammation in Rosacea: A Systematic Review of Botulinum Toxin Therapy.Cureus · 2026Review
- The medial orbitofrontal cortex mediates neuropathic pain and anxiodepressive-like behaviors via two distinct pathways.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Article
- Immune profiling in trigeminal neuralgia reveals altered cytokine and chemokine signatures in cerebrospinal fluid and serum.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Botulinum toxin type A inhibits chronic post-thoracotomy pain through the HMGB1-mediated TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.American journal of translational research · 2026Article
- Updates on the Proposed Botulinum Toxin A Mechanisms of Action in Orofacial Pain: A Review of Animal Studies.Toxins · 2025Review
- BoNT Injection into Temporomandibular Joint Alleviates TMJ Pain in Forced Mouth Opening Mouse Model.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Review
- Intradermally injected abobotulinumtoxinA administered preemptively before surgery alleviates post-surgical pain and normalizes behavior in a translational animal model.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Myeloid Differentiation Primary Response Protein 88: An Important Therapeutic Target for Chronic Pain.Journal of pain research · 2025Review
- OTULIN's influence on neuroinflammation and pain modulation in trigeminal neuralgia.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Article
- Neurobiological mechanisms of botulinum neurotoxin-induced analgesia for neuropathic pain.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2024Review
- TLR2 Mediates Microglial Activation and Contributes to Central Sensitization in a Recurrent Nitroglycerin-induced Chronic Migraine Model.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Article
- Progress in study on animal models of trigeminal neuralgia.Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2024Article
- Sema3A secreted by sensory nerve induces bone formation under mechanical loads.International journal of oral science · 2024Article
- Role of microglia in diabetic neuropathic pain.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- Review
- Voluntary Exercise to Reduce Anxiety Behaviour in Traumatic Brain Injury Shown to Alleviate Inflammatory Brain Response in Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Effect of botulinum toxin type A on non-motor symptoms and quality of life in Meige syndrome.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesIn this study, we investigated the possible analgesic effects of Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) on trigeminal neuralgia (TN). A modified TN mouse model was established by chronic constriction injury of the distal infraorbital nerve (dIoN-CCI) in mice, and the possible roles of microglia toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and neuroinflammation was investigated.
methodsMale C57BL/6 mice were divided into 3 groups, including sham group, vehicle-treated TN group and BoNT/A-treated TN group. Bilateral mechanical pain hypersensitivity, anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors were evaluated by using von Frey test, open field, elevated plus-maze testing, and forced swimming test in mice, respectively. The mRNA or protein expression levels of toll-like receptors (TLRs), glia activation markers and proinflammatory factors in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC) were tested by RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence and Western blotting. We also tested the pain behaviors of TN in Tlr2
resultsWe found that unilateral subcutaneous injection of BoNT/A into the whisker pad on the ipsilateral side of dIoN-CCI mice significantly attenuated bilateral mechanical pain hypersensitivity and anxiety-like behaviors induced by dIoN-CCI surgery in mice. The dIoN-CCI surgery significantly up-regulated the expression of TLR2, MyD88, CD11b (a microglia marker), IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 in the ipsilateral TNC in mice, and BoNT/A injection significantly inhibited the expression of these factors. Immunostaining results confirmed that BoNT/A injection significantly inhibited the microglia activation in the ipsilateral TNC in dIoN-CCI mice. TLR2 deficiency also alleviated bilateral mechanical pain hypersensitivity and the up-regulation of MyD88 expression in the TNC of dIoN-CCI mice.
conclusionThese results indicate that unilateral injection of BoNT/A attenuated bilateral mechanical pain hypersensitivity and anxiety-like behaviors in dIoN-CCI mice, and the analgesic effects of BoNT/A may be associated with the inhibition of TLR2-mediated neuroinflammation in the TNC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.