Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34000407›Full record

ArticleNeuroImage2021

Improved susceptibility weighted imaging at ultra-high field using bipolar multi-echo acquisition and optimized image processing: CLEAR-SWI.

Korbinian Eckstein, Beata Bachrata, Gilbert Hangel, Georg Widhalm, Christian Enzinger, Markus Barth, Siegfried Trattnig, Simon Daniel Robinson

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in NeuroImage, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  4. Motion- and Field-Robust Mesoscopic Whole-BrainMagnetic resonance in medicine · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Korbinian EcksteinHigh Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Beata BachrataHigh Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Karl Landsteiner Institute for Clinical Molecular MR in Musculoskeletal Imaging, Vienna, Austria.
Gilbert HangelHigh Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Georg WidhalmDepartment of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Christian EnzingerDepartment of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Markus BarthSchool of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Siegfried TrattnigHigh Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Karl Landsteiner Institute for Clinical Molecular MR in Musculoskeletal Imaging, Vienna, Austria.
Simon Daniel RobinsonHigh Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Karl Landsteiner Institute for Clinical Molecular MR in Musculoskeletal Imaging, Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.

Funding

Austrian Science Fund FWF KLI 646Austrian Science Fund FWF KLI 679Austrian Science Fund FWF P 31452
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeSusceptibility Weighted Imaging (SWI) has become established in the clinical investigation of stroke, microbleeds, tumor vascularization, calcification and iron deposition, but suffers from a number of shortcomings and artefacts. The goal of this study was to reduce the sensitivity of SWI to strong B PRINCIPAL

resultsOur findings regarding the optimal individual processing steps lead us to propose a Contrast-weighted, Laplace-unwrapped, bipolar multi-Echo, ASPIRE-combined, homogeneous, improved Resolution SWI, or CLEAR-SWI. CLEAR-SWI was compared to two other multi-echo SWI methods and standard, single-echo SWI with the same acquisition time at 7 T in 10 healthy volunteers and with single-echo SWI in 13 patients with brain tumors. CLEAR-SWI had improved contrast-to-noise and homogeneity, reduced signal dropout and was not compromised by the artefacts which affected standard SWI in 10 out of 13 cases close to tumors (as assessed by expert raters), as well as generating T2* maps and phase images which can be used for Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping. In a comparison with other multi-echo SWI methods, CLEAR-SWI had the fewest artefacts, highest SNR and generally higher contrast-to-noise. MAJOR

conclusionsCLEAR-SWI eliminates the artefacts common in standard, single-echo SWI, reduces signal dropouts and improves image homogeneity and contrast-to-noise. Applied clinically, in a study of brain tumor patients, CLEAR-SWI was free of the artefacts which affected standard, single-echo SWI.

Indexed as

AdultAgedBrain NeoplasmsEcho-Planar ImagingFemaleHumansImage Processing, Computer-AssistedMaleMiddle AgedNeuroimagingBrain tumorCLEAR-SWIMulti-echoSWIT2*Ultra-high Field

Identifiers

PMID34000407
PMCPMC7612087

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.