ArticleJMIR public health and surveillance2021
Increases in Naloxone Administrations by Emergency Medical Services Providers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Retrospective Time Series Study.
Article in JMIR public health and surveillance, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Time-space characteristics of emergency medical service attendance and layperson naloxone administration during non-fatal opioid overdoses in Rhode Island: A retrospective, event-level analysis.Annals of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Non-fatal drug overdose among persons who inject drugs during first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City: Prevalence, risk factors.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2023Article
- Trends in Opioid Medication Adherence During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Retrospective Cohort Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2023Article
- Probing different paradigms of morphine withdrawal on sleep behavior in male and female C57BL/6J mice.Behavioural brain research · 2023Article
- All Hands on Deck: We Need Multiple Approaches To Uncover the Neuroscience behind the Opioid Overdose Crisis.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2023Review
- Opioid overdose prevention education in Texas during the COVID-19 pandemic.Harm reduction journal · 2023Article
- Probing different paradigms of morphine withdrawal on sleep behavior in male and female C57BL/6J mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Nonfatal opioid-related overdoses treated by emergency medical services in Florida, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Article
- Article
- A Qualitative Analysis of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Personnel Experiences and Perceptions Responding to Drug Overdoses in the United States (US) During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of health research · 2023Article
- Factors associated with self-reported avoidance of harm reduction services during the COVID-19 pandemic by people who use drugs in five cities in the United States and Canada.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Article
- Effectiveness of an Advanced Naloxone Training, Simulation, and Assessment of Second-Year Pharmacy Students.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Illicit Substance Use and the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States: A Scoping Review and Characterization of Research Evidence in Unprecedented Times.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Noradrenergic circuits and signaling in substance use disorders.Neuropharmacology · 2022Review
- Assessing the impact of social distancing measures implemented during COVID-19 pandemic on medications for opioid use disorder in West Virginia.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2022Article
- Similar COVID-19 incidence to the general population in people with opioid use disorder receiving integrated outpatient clinical care.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2022Article
- Rural and urban differences in undersupply of buprenorphine provider availability in the United States, 2018.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2022Article
- "It's my frenemy": A qualitative exploration of knowledge and perceptions of fentanyl use during the COVID-19 pandemic in people who use drugs at a syringe services program in Philadelphia, PA.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Maine's Overdose Prevention Through Intensive Outreach, Naloxone and Safety (OPTIONS) Initiative.Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMPArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe opioid crisis in the United States may be exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Increases in opioid use, emergency medical services (EMS) runs for opioid-related overdoses, and opioid overdose deaths have been reported. No study has examined changes in multiple naloxone administrations, an indicator of overdose severity, during the COVID-19 pandemic.
objectiveThis study examines changes in the occurrence of naloxone administrations and multiple naloxone administrations during EMS runs for opioid-related overdoses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Guilford County, North Carolina (NC).
methodsUsing a period-over-period approach, we compared the occurrence of opioid-related EMS runs, naloxone administrations, and multiple naloxone administrations during the 29-week period before (September 1, 2019, to March 9, 2020) and after NC's COVID-19 state of emergency declaration (ie, the COVID-19 period of March 10 to September 30, 2020). Furthermore, historical data were used to generate a quasi-control distribution of period-over-period changes to compare the occurrence of each outcome during the COVID-19 period to each 29-week period back to January 1, 2014.
resultsAll outcomes increased during the COVID-19 period. Compared to the previous 29 weeks, the COVID-19 period experienced increases in the weekly mean number of opioid-related EMS runs (25.6, SD 5.6 vs 18.6, SD 6.6; P<.001), naloxone administrations (22.3, SD 6.2 vs 14.1, SD 6.0; P<.001), and multiple naloxone administrations (5.0, SD 1.9 vs 2.7, SD 1.9; P<.001), corresponding to proportional increases of 37.4%, 57.8%, and 84.8%, respectively. Additionally, the increases during the COVID-19 period were greater than 91% of all historical 29-week periods analyzed.
conclusionsThe occurrence of EMS runs for opioid-related overdoses, naloxone administrations, and multiple naloxone administrations during EMS runs increased during the COVID-19 pandemic in Guilford County, NC. For a host of reasons that need to be explored, the COVID-19 pandemic appears to have exacerbated the opioid crisis.
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Registered trials
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