Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33999258›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of pediatrics2021

Dissatisfaction with school toilets is associated with bladder and bowel dysfunction.

Cecilie S Jørgensen, Anders S Breinbjerg, Søren Rittig, Konstantinos Kamperis

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Article in European journal of pediatrics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
2.0field-weighted citation impact, top 15% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Cecilie S JørgensenDepartment of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200, Aarhus, Aarhus N, Denmark. cecisi@rm.dk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3630-2329
Anders S BreinbjergDepartment of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200, Aarhus, Aarhus N, Denmark.
Søren RittigDepartment of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200, Aarhus, Aarhus N, Denmark.
Konstantinos KamperisDepartment of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200, Aarhus, Aarhus N, Denmark.
Aarhus University Hospital · DK

Funding

Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond 8020-00222B
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Poor quality of school toilets is reportedly an issue in many countries and has been correlated with toilet refusal in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between perceived school toilet quality, behaviour regarding toilet visits, and symptoms of bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD). Pupils in Danish schools were invited to complete online questionnaires regarding toilet behaviour, perception of school toilet standards/quality, and symptoms of BBD. Teachers at the same schools were asked about the quality of the toilets. We recruited 19,577 children from 252 different schools. More than half of the children (50% boys and 60% girls) were dissatisfied with the toilet facilities. One-fourth of the children (28% of girls, 23% of boys) reported avoiding the use of school toilets. We found a strong correlation between being dissatisfied with school toilets, toilet avoidance, and symptoms of BBD.Conclusion: The majority of Danish children are unhappy with their school toilet facilities. Symptoms of BBD are associated with subjective toilet dissatisfaction and toilet visit postponement. Because children spend a significant part of their day at school, access to satisfactory toilet facilities is of utmost importance for their well-being. What is Known • Bladder and bowel dysfunction is common in childhood with urinary incontinence, constipation, and faecal incontinence being cardinal symptoms. • Behaviour regarding toilet visits contributes to the aetiology, and we know that toilet avoidance can lead to abnormal bladder and bowel function. What is New • Most children are not satisfied with their school toilets, and many avoid toilet visits. • Dissatisfaction with the school toilets is related to toilet avoidance and bladder and bowel dysfunction in school children regardless of age and gender.

Indexed as

Bathroom EquipmentChildFemaleHumansMaleSchoolsSurveys and QuestionnairesToilet FacilitiesUrinary BladderConstipationIncontinenceOveractive bladderQualitySchool toiletsVoiding postponement

Identifiers

PMID33999258
OpenAlexW3162224076

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.