ArticleAesthetic plastic surgery2021
Management of Nipple-Areola Deformity.
Article in Aesthetic plastic surgery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Conical Implants in Tuberous Breast Correction: Clinical and Patient-Reported Outcomes.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- The Different Surgical Strategies for Treating Tuberous Breast Deformity: A Scoping Review.JPRAS open · 2024Article
- Review of Tuberous Breast Deformity: Developments over the Last 20 Years.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHerniated or pseudoherniated nipple-areolar complex (NAC), also called protuberant or "domed nipple," is an entity that can be present both in males and females and represents a therapeutic challenge. It can be an isolated deformity, but in most cases is found within another breast deformity, such as tuberous breast or can appear following pregnancy. Its diagnosis and appropriate treatment become important when patients search for correctional breast surgery.
objectiveTo review some common techniques for the treatment of tuberous breasts that address the nipple-areola problem as well, but also to present our experience with some newer and less invasive surgical techniques that could be useful for isolated treatment of herniated or pseudoherniated nipple.
methodWe performed a retrospective study that included all patients operated from December 2013 to December 2018. We reviewed existing techniques which in addition to our personal experience helped us to create an algorithm to assist surgeons in this matter.
resultsA total of 125 patients with herniated or pseudoherniated NAC were treated. There were 87 women and 38 men. The average age of the patients was 30, 8 ± 8.1 years (ranging from 20 to 63). We analyzed the results of four following techniques: periareolar mastopexy (52 patients), release of fibrous tissue in combination with lipofilling (19 patients), resection of herniated breast tissue (23 patients) or controlled electrocoagulation of relaxed erectile muscle (31 patients). The minimum follow-up for all cases was 4 months.
conclusionThe achievement of a successful aesthetic result is possible in a single-stage procedure with initial surgery. It depends on careful individual preoperative evaluation of anatomical features and a surgical approach chosen accordingly. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine Ratings, please refer to Table of Contents or online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.