ArticleJMIR public health and surveillance2021
Morbidity and Mortality Associated with Typhoid Fever Among Hospitalized Patients in Hyderabad District, Pakistan, 2017-2018: Retrospective Record Review.
Article in JMIR public health and surveillance, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Length of hospital stay and associated treatment costs for patients with susceptible and antibiotic-resistantBMJ open · 2025Pooled it
- Typhoid Fever in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: A Systematic Review, 1990-2021.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Pooled it
- Genomic and phenotypic characterization of plasmid-mediated extensively drug-resistant Salmonella Typhi from Lahore Pakistan carrying IncY IncQ1 and IncC replicons.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Unlocking the potential ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Molecular Insights into the MdtABC Efflux Pump Genes in ClinicalCurrent pharmaceutical design · 2026Article
- Article
- A systematic review of recent outbreaks and the efficacy and safety of drugs approved for the treatment ofIJID regions · 2025Review
- Imported Typhoid Fever in Romania Between 2010 and 2024.Infectious disease reports · 2025Article
- Metabolic Proteins Expression Up-Regulated in Blood-Borne Extensively Drug-ResistantMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Exploring the Antimicrobial Resistance Profile ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Extensively drug-resistant Salmonella typhi Infection in Adults; Experience from A Tertiary Care Hospital.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2024Article
- A Prolonged Outbreak of Enteric Fever Associated With Illegal Miners in the City of Matlosana, South Africa, November 2020-September 2022.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Fosfomycin susceptibility testing and resistance mechanisms in Enterobacterales in South Africa.African journal of laboratory medicine · 2024Article
- Vaccination to Reduce Antimicrobial Resistance Burden-Data Gaps and Future Research.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Typhoid and Non-Typhoid Salmonellosis Related Mortality in Iran, National Data from the Ministry of Health.Iranian journal of public health · 2023Article
- Association Among Household Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Status and Typhoid Risk in Urban Slums: Prospective Cohort Study in Bangladesh.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2023Article
- Antibacterial efficacy of indigenous Pakistani honey against extensively drug-resistant clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi: an alternative option to combat antimicrobial resistance.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2023Article
- Molecular Characterization of Extensively Drug ResistantInfection and drug resistance · 2023Article
- Article
- Typhoid in Pakistan: Challenges, Efforts, and Recommendations.Infection and drug resistance · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHyderabad, Pakistan, was the first city to witness an outbreak of extensively drug resistant (XDR) typhoid fever. The outbreak strain is resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, fluoroquinolones, and third-generation cephalosporin, thus greatly limiting treatment options. However, despite over 5000 documented cases, information on mortality and morbidity has been limited.
objectiveTo address the existing knowledge gap, this study aimed to assess the morbidity and mortality associated with XDR and non-XDR Salmonella serovar Typhi infections in Pakistan.
methodsWe reviewed the medical records of culture-confirmed typhoid cases in 5 hospitals in Hyderabad from October 1, 2016, to September 30, 2018. We recorded data on age, gender, onset of fever, physical examination, serological and microbiological test results, treatment before and during hospitalization, duration of hospitalization, complications, and deaths.
resultsA total of 1452 culture-confirmed typhoid cases, including 947 (66%) XDR typhoid cases and 505 (34%) non-XDR typhoid cases, were identified. Overall, ≥1 complications were reported in 360 (38%) patients with XDR typhoid and 89 (18%) patients with non-XDR typhoid (P<.001). Ileal perforation was the most commonly reported complication in both patients with XDR typhoid (n=210, 23%) and patients with non-XDR typhoid (n=71, 14%) (P<.001). Overall, mortality was documented among 17 (1.8%) patients with XDR S Typhi infections and 3 (0.6%) patients with non-XDR S Typhi infections (P=.06).
conclusionsAs this first XDR typhoid outbreak continues to spread, the increased duration of illness before hospitalization and increased rate of complications have important implications for clinical care and medical costs and heighten the importance of prevention and control measures.
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