Observational studyJournal of the American Heart Association2021
Comparing Effect Estimates in Randomized Trials and Observational Studies From the Same Population: An Application to Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.
Observational study in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Concordance between target trial emulation and randomised controlled trials: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2026Pooled it
- Reporting of Observational Studies Explicitly Aiming to Emulate Randomized Trials: A Systematic Review.JAMA network open · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of Four Hemoglobin Transfusion Threshold Strategies in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction and Anemia : A Target Trial Emulation Using MINT Trial Data.Annals of internal medicine · 2024Trial
- Combined Conventional Synthetic Disease Modifying Therapy vs. Infliximab for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Emulating a Randomized Trial in Observational Data.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2022Trial
- Emulating a target trial of surgical removal of uterine fibroids on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.Fertility and sterility · 2026Article
- An Improved Pooled Logistic Regression Implementation.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Endocrine therapies and mortality risk in postmenopausal women with breast cancer: benchmarking an observational analysis against a randomized trial.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Observational
- Adjusting for selection bias due to missing eligibility criteria in emulated target trials.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Counterfactual prediction from machine learning models: transportability and joint analysis for model development and evaluation using multi-source data.Diagnostic and prognostic research · 2025Article
- Inference procedures in sequential trial emulation with survival outcomes: Comparing confidence intervals based on the sandwich variance estimator, bootstrap and jackknife.Statistical methods in medical research · 2025Article
- Trastuzumab in early curative breast cancer: A target trial emulation benchmarked against two randomized clinical trials.PLoS medicine · 2025Article
- Cardiorenal effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers among people underrepresented in trials: analysis of routinely collected data with emulation of a reference trial (ONTARGET).American journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Abbreviated Versus Standard Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Times After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With High Bleeding Risk With Acute Coronary Syndrome: Insights From the SWEDEHEART Registry.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Observational
- Target trial emulation for comparative effectiveness research with observational data: Promise and challenges for studying medications for opioid use disorder.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2024Article
- Optimising the use of electronic medical records for large scale research in psychiatry.Translational psychiatry · 2024Review
- Can Observational Data and Target Trial Emulation Inform Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Management Guidelines?Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes · 2024Article
- Prospective benchmarking of an observational analysis in the SWEDEHEART registry against the REDUCE-AMI randomized trial.European journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Observational
- Ticagrelor vs clopidogrel when coadministered with bivalirudin in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2024Article
- Design differences and variation in results between randomised trials and non-randomised emulations: meta-analysis of RCT-DUPLICATE data.BMJ medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background To understand when results from observational studies and randomized trials are comparable, we performed an observational emulation of a target trial designed to ask similar questions as the VALIDATE (Bivalirudin Versus Heparin in ST-Segment and Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Patients on Modern Antiplatelet Therapy) randomized trial. The VALIDATE trial compared the effect of bivalirudin and heparin during percutaneous coronary intervention on the risk of death, myocardial infarction, and bleeding across Sweden. Methods and Results We specified the protocol of a target trial similar to the VALIDATE trial, then emulated the target trial in the period before the VALIDATE trial took place using data from the SWEDEHEART (Swedish Web System for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-Based Care in Heart Disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies) registry-the same registry in which the trial was undertaken. The target trial emulation and the VALIDATE trial both estimated little or no effect of bivalirudin versus heparin on the risk of death or myocardial infarction by 180 days (target trial emulation risk ratio for death, 1.21 [95% CI, 0.88 - 1.54]; VALIDATE trial hazard ratio for death, 1.05 [95% CI, 0.78 - 1.41]). The observational data, however, could not capture less severe cases of bleeding, resulting in an inability to define a bleeding outcome like the trial, and could not accurately estimate the comparative risk of death by 14 days, which may be the result of intractable confounding early in follow-up or the inability to precisely emulate the trial's eligibility criteria. Conclusions Using real-world data to emulate a target trial can deliver accurate effect estimates. Yet, even with rich observational data, it is not always possible to estimate the short-term effect of interventions or the effect on outcomes for which data are not routinely collected.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.