Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33998178›Full record

ArticleBrain and behavior2021

Co-activation pattern alterations in autism spectrum disorder-A volume-wise hierarchical clustering fMRI study.

Jyri-Johan Paakki, Jukka S Rahko, Aija Kotila, Marja-Leena Mattila, Helena Miettunen, Tuula M Hurtig, Katja K Jussila, Sanna Kuusikko-Gauffin, Irma K Moilanen, Osmo Tervonen and 1 more

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Article in Brain and behavior, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Jyri-Johan PaakkiFaculty of Medicine, Health and Biosciences Doctoral Programme, University of Oulu Graduate School, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.ORCID 0000-0001-8972-9452
Jukka S RahkoFaculty of Medicine, Health and Biosciences Doctoral Programme, University of Oulu Graduate School, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Aija KotilaFaculty of Humanities, Research Unit of Logopedics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Marja-Leena MattilaPEDEGO Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Child Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Helena MiettunenPEDEGO Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Child Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Tuula M HurtigPEDEGO Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Child Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Katja K JussilaPEDEGO Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Child Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Sanna Kuusikko-GauffinPEDEGO Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Child Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Irma K MoilanenPEDEGO Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Child Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Osmo TervonenThe Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Oulu Functional NeuroImaging Group, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Vesa J KiviniemiThe Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Oulu Functional NeuroImaging Group, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.ORCID 0000-0003-0184-8524

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThere has been a growing effort to characterize the time-varying functional connectivity of resting state (RS) fMRI brain networks (RSNs). Although voxel-wise connectivity studies have examined different sliding window lengths, nonsequential volume-wise approaches have been less common.

methodsInspired by earlier co-activation pattern (CAP) studies, we applied hierarchical clustering (HC) to classify the image volumes of the RS-fMRI data on 28 adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their 27 typically developing (TD) controls. We compared the distribution of the ASD and TD groups' volumes in CAPs as well as their voxel-wise means. For simplification purposes, we conducted a group independent component analysis to extract 14 major RSNs. The RSNs' average z-scores enabled us to meaningfully regroup the RSNs and estimate the percentage of voxels within each RSN for which there was a significant group difference. These results were jointly interpreted to find global group-specific patterns.

resultsWe found similar brain state proportions in 58 CAPs (clustering interval from 2 to 30). However, in many CAPs, the voxel-wise means differed significantly within a matrix of 14 RSNs. The rest-activated default mode-positive and default mode-negative brain state properties vary considerably in both groups over time. This division was seen clearly when the volumes were partitioned into two CAPs and then further examined along the HC dendrogram of the diversifying brain CAPs. The ASD group network activations followed a more heterogeneous distribution and some networks maintained higher baselines; throughout the brain deactivation state, the ASD participants had reduced deactivation in 12/14 networks. During default mode-negative CAPs, the ASD group showed simultaneous visual network and either dorsal attention or default mode network overactivation.

conclusionNonsequential volume gathering into CAPs and the comparison of voxel-wise signal changes provide a complementary perspective to connectivity and an alternative to sliding window analysis.

Indexed as

Autism Spectrum DisorderMagnetic Resonance ImagingAdolescentBrainBrain MappingCluster AnalysisHumansNeural Pathwaysadolescentautism spectrum disorderbrainCAPfMRIhierarchical clusteringresting state network

Identifiers

PMID33998178
PMCPMC8213933

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.