ArticleEClinicalMedicine2021
Safety and effectiveness of a non-electric infant warmer for hypothermia in Rwanda: A cluster-randomized stepped-wedge trial.
Article in EClinicalMedicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Stepped Wedge Randomized Control Trial of a Non Electric Infant Warmer for Prevention and Treatment of Hypothermia in Rwanda
Efficacy of a Low-cost Warming Mattress Celsi Warmer for the Management of Hypothermic Newborns
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Health interventions and stakeholder roles in neonatal mortality reduction within low-income countries: A scoping review.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
- Clinical safety trial of a thermal jacket among preterm or low birthweight neonates for hypothermia management at a tertiary-level health facility in Bangladesh.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- Applications and implementation considerations for stepped-wedge designs in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2026Review
- Prevention and treatment of neonatal hypothermia through an implementation science study in Jaltenango Chiapas, Mexico.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- Testing of a reusable chemical warming pad and an insulating jacket to manage hypothermia of preterm or low birthweight neonates.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Introduction of a novel neonatal warming device in Malawi: an implementation science study.International health · 2024Article
- Preclinical validation of NeoWarm, a low-cost infant warmer and carrier device, to ameliorate induced hypothermia in newborn piglets as models for human neonates.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
- An Implementation Science Study of a Heat-Producing Wrap to Complement KMC in Rwanda.Annals of global health · 2024Article
- The Journey Toward Establishing Inpatient Care for Small and Sick Newborns in Ethiopia, India, Malawi, and Rwanda.Global health, science and practice · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNeonatal hypothermia is a common source of morbidity and mortality in low resource settings. We developed the Dream Warmer, a low cost, re-usable non-electric infant warmer to prevent and treat hypothermia.
methodsWe conducted a cluster-randomized stepped-wedge trial. The primary aim was to assess the effect on overall euthermia rates of introducing the warmer compared to standard of care in rural Rwandan hospitals. The secondary aims were to assess effects of warmer introduction on mortality, as well as the safety and feasibility of the warmer. Ten district hospitals participated in the study from November 19th 2019 to July 15th 2020. Patients were eligible to use the warmer if they were 1) hypothermic (temp < 36·5 °C) or 2) or at risk of hypothermia (weight < 2·5 kg or estimated post menstrual age < 35 weeks) when Kangaroo Mother Care was not available. An encounter was defined as the data from an individual infant on a single day. Trial of a Non Electric Infant Warmer for Prevention and Treatment of Hypothermia in Rwanda [NCT03890211].
findingsOver the study period, 3179 patients were enrolled across the ten neonatal wards, yielding 12,748 encounters; 464 unique infants used the warmer 892 times, 79% eligible due to hypothermia. Because of limited study nurse resources, the warmer was used in only 18% of eligible encounters. Despite this low rate of warmer use, the rate of euthermia rose from 51% (95% CI 50-52%) of encounters pre-intervention to 67% (66-68%) post-intervention;
interpretationIntroduction of the warmer increased rates of euthermia with no associated safety concerns.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.