ArticleEClinicalMedicine2021
Human papillomavirus vaccination uptake in low-and middle-income countries: a meta-analysis.
Article in EClinicalMedicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06341738 (The Efficacy of Digital Educational Interventions on Parental HPV Knowledge and Attitude, and Their Children's HPV Vaccination Rates in Indonesia), which is not on this map. Cited by 88 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Efficacy of Digital Educational Interventions on Parental HPV Knowledge and Attitude, and Their Children's HPV Vaccination Rates in Indonesia
Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Determinants of human papillomavirus vaccination uptake in Nigeria: a mixed-methods systematic review.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Gender-neutral vs. gender-specific strategies in school-based HPV vaccination programs: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Human papillomavirus vaccine uptake and its determinants among women in Africa: an umbrella review.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Barriers and facilitators of HPV vaccination in sub-saharan Africa: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2023Pooled it
- Social Determinants of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Uptake Among Adolescent Girls in Low-Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis.Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financingPooled it
- Factors affecting caregivers' HPV vaccination decisions for adolescent girls: A secondary analysis of a Chinese RCT.PloS one · 2025Trial
- Costs of delivering human papillomavirus vaccination using a one- or two-dose strategy in Tanzania.Vaccine · 2023Trial
- Incidence of Gynecological Cancers Is Rising in Northern Iran: A Population-Based, Serial Cross-Sectional Joinpoint Regression Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Trends and patterns of pharmacist-administered vaccination in a predominantly Western Australian pharmacy group: retrospective analysis of routinely collected data.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2026Article
- Personal and family application of cancer prevention practices among physicians.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Navigating the divide - demographic and individual predictors of low HPV vaccine uptake in rural Uganda.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Incidence and burden of anal cancer-time to fight the growing disparities.ESMO gastrointestinal oncology · 2026Review
- An overview of clinical trials in anal cancer 1999-2024.ESMO gastrointestinal oncology · 2026Article
- HPV vaccine awareness, perceptions, uptake, and school-based information channels during Nigeria's national rollout: a cross-sectional study among adolescent girls in rural Oyo State.BMC public health · 2026Article
- [Evaluation of bilateral vaccine cooperation priority countries on Chinese human papillomavirus vaccine using hierarchical K-means hybrid clustering].Beijing da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Peking University. Health sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Determinants of HPV vaccine hesitancy in South Asia: a systematic review.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2026Review
- Advancing the elimination of cervical cancer across Africa.Nature communications · 2026Review
- High-Risk HPV in Men: A Hidden Threat to Public Health?Reviews in medical virology · 2026Review
- HPV vaccination willingness and its determinants among male university students post-approval of male-specific HPV vaccines in China: a large-scale cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2026Article
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe proportion of incident cases of HPV-attributable cancers is highest in the low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) but many are yet to initiate HPV vaccination programs. This meta-analysis was performed to assess the uptake of HPV vaccination in LMICs at the beginning of the global strategy to eliminate cervical cancer and describes the gaps and challenges.
methodsA systematic search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and CENTRAL databases for observational studies that reported the uptake of HPV vaccination until October 2020. The meta-analysis was done using a random-effects model to assess the pooled estimate of HPV uptake. CRD42021218429.
findingsDuring 2008-2020, an estimated 3.3 million females received at least one dose of HPV vaccine with 61.69% of the target population vaccinated. In countries with high uptake, the pooled estimate of uptake was higher in females than males (45.48% vs 8.45%) and showed significant decline in 2015-2020 compared to 2006-2014 (89.03% vs 41.48%). In countries with low uptake, the estimate of uptake was low in both males and females (5.31% vs 2.93%) and showed increase in uptake in 2015-2020 compared to 2006-2014 (0.76% vs 5.22%). In countries with high uptake, compared to routine programs, the estimate was higher when delivered through demonstration programs (89.94% vs 59.74%).
interpretationThe major concern was a significant drop in the uptake in countries that started with high uptake, challenges in the maintenance of vaccine uptake, sustainability of funding and the lack of standard monitoring and reporting.
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