ReviewFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2021
Prenatal Management Strategy for Immune-Associated Congenital Heart Block in Fetuses.
Review in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Perinatal management and delivery-room stabilization in congenital complete heart block: an 11-year experience at a tertiary center.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Transient Fetal Nonimmune 2:1 Atrioventricular Block Possibly Secondary to Cannabis Exposure.CASE (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026Article
- Maternal Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Complicated by Irreversible Fetal Third-Degree Congenital Heart Block: A Case Report From Nepal.Clinical case reports · 2025Article
- Autoimmune antibodies in arrhythmia: a narrative review of potential therapeutic targets to prevent overtreatment.Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy · 2025Review
- Case Report: A multidisciplinary, protocol-driven pathway from recurrent pregnancy loss to live birth in an anti-Ro/SSA-positive primary Sjögren's syndrome pregnancy with literature review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Monitoring of Women with Anti-Ro/SSA and Anti-La/SSB Antibodies in Germany-Status Quo and Intensified Monitoring Concepts.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Dual challenge inside the womb: a case report of concomitant fetal atrio-ventricular block associated with maternal anti-SSA antibodies and fetal tachyarrhythmia diagnosed as Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome after birth.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Autoimmune Disease Classification Based on PubMed Text Mining.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Case Report: A novelFrontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- Case Report: Prenatal Diagnosis and Treatment of Fetal Autoimmune-Associated First-Degree Atrioventricular Block: First Report From China.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Fetal congenital heart block (CHB) is the most commonly observed type of fetal bradycardia, and is potentially life-threatening. More than 50% of cases of bradycardia are associated with maternal autoimmunity, and these are collectively termed immune-associated bradycardia. Several methods have been used to achieve reliable prenatal diagnoses of CHB. Emerging data and opinions on pathogenesis, prenatal diagnosis, fetal intervention, and the prognosis of fetal immune-associated CHB provide clues for generating a practical protocol for clinical management. The prognosis of fetal immune-associated bradycardia is based on the severity of heart blocks. Morbidity and mortality can occur in severe cases, thus hieratical management is essential in such cases. In this review, we mainly focus on optimal strategies pertaining to autoimmune antibodies related to CHB, although the approaches for managing autoimmune-mediated CHB are still controversial, particularly with regard to whether fetuses benefit from transplacental medication administration. To date there is still no accessible clinical strategy for autoimmune-mediated CHB. This review first discusses integrated prenatal management strategies for the condition. It then provides some advice for clinicians involved in management of fetal cardiovascular disorder.
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