ReviewFrontiers in pediatrics2021
Different Apples, Same Tree: Visualizing Current Biological and Clinical Insights into CTLA-4 Insufficiency and LRBA and DEF6 Deficiencies.
Review in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond B cells: T and Innate Immune Mechanisms of Autoimmunity in Common Variable Immunodeficiency.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Review
- Clinical, Genetic, and Immunological Spectrum of CHAI and LATAIE Patients from a Tertiary Referral Centre in India.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Inborn errors of regulatory T-cell differentiation and function.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2025Review
- Mimickers of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Case Series and Literature Overview.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Regulatory T Cell Sub-Populations in Patients with Distinct Autoimmune/Inflammatory Diseases With or Without Inborn Errors of Immunity.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Infections in Disorders of Immune Regulation.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Human genetic errors of immunity illuminate an adaptive arsenal model of rapid defenses.Trends in immunology · 2024Review
- Central nervous system manifestations of LRBA deficiency: case report of two siblings and literature review.BMC pediatrics · 2023Review
- Too much of a good thing: a review of primary immune regulatory disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- The Immune Deficiency and Dysregulation Activity (IDDA2.1 'Kaleidoscope') Score and Other Clinical Measures in Inborn Errors of Immunity.Journal of clinical immunology · 2022Article
- Primary immune regulatory disorders: Undiagnosed needles in the haystack?Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2022Review
- Case report: Challenges in immune reconstitution following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for CTLA-4 insufficiency-like primary immune regulatory disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Secondary Immune Deficiency and Primary Immune Deficiency Crossovers: Hematological Malignancies and Autoimmune Diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Cytopenias in Inborn Errors of Immunity Revealing Novel Therapeutic Targets.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is a crucial immune checkpoint that is constitutively expressed in regulatory T (Treg) cells. Following T-cell activation, CTLA-4 is rapidly mobilized from its intracellular vesicle pool to the cell surface to control the availability of co-stimulatory B7 molecules, thereby maintaining immune homeostasis. Heterozygous mutations in
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.