ArticleOncoimmunology2021
PD-1 and LAG-3 blockade improve anti-tumor vaccine efficacy.
Article in Oncoimmunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Safety and Efficacy of Anti-LAG-3 for Patients with Melanoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Study.Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry · 2026Pooled it
- Androgen deprivation, androgen receptor-targeted vaccination, and nivolumab in patients with high-risk localized prostate cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Trial
- Efficacy and safety of anti-LAG-3 IBI110 in combination with sintilimab and chemotherapy for advanced squamous non-small cell lung cancer: a randomized phase II study.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Trial
- A phase 2, multicenter, open-label study of anti-LAG-3 ieramilimab in combination with anti-PD-1 spartalizumab in patients with advanced solid malignancies.Oncoimmunology · 2024Trial
- Phase 2 trial of T-cell activation using MVI-816 and pembrolizumab in patients with metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2022Trial
- Myeloid Malignancies Beyond the Cell: Targeting the Tumour Microenvironment with Next-Generation Immunotherapies.Cancers · 2026Review
- Immune modulatory vaccines targeting tumor microenvironment antigens: recent advances in oncology and beyond.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Disrupting PDGFRA-driven immune evasion in glioma: vaccine-based strategies on the horizon.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Prostate tumor immune microenvironment changes following immunotherapy shared by patients who developed anti-tumor response or immune-related adverse events.Oncoimmunology · 2025Article
- FGL1-mediated lymph node metastasis in stage T1 non-small cell lung cancer: therapeutic targeting.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2025Article
- Review
- Bolstering CD8Biology · 2025Review
- PD-1 blockade employed at the time CD8+ T cells are activated enhances their antitumor efficacy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Advances in mRNA vaccine therapy for breast cancer research.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Integrated analysis of single-cell and bulk transcriptomes uncovers clinically relevant molecular subtypes in human prostate cancer.Chinese journal of cancer research = Chung-kuo yen cheng yen chiu · 2025Article
- Long-term follow up of patients treated with a DNA vaccine (pTVG-hp) for PSA-recurrent prostate cancer.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Programmed death receptor (PD-)1/PD-ligand (L)1 in urological cancers : the "all-around warrior" in immunotherapy.Molecular cancer · 2024Review
- PD-1/LAG-3 co-signaling profiling uncovers CBL ubiquitin ligases as key immunotherapy targets.EMBO molecular medicine · 2024Article
- Combining toll-like receptor agonists with immune checkpoint blockade affects antitumor vaccine efficacy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Article
- Progress of lymphocyte activation gene 3 and programmed cell death protein 1 antibodies for cancer treatment: A review.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Concurrent blockade of different checkpoint receptors, notably PD-1 and CTLA-4, elicits greater anti-tumor activity for some tumor types, and the combination of different checkpoint receptor inhibitors is an active area of clinical research. We have previously demonstrated that anti-tumor vaccination, by activating CD8 + T cells, increases the expression of PD-1, CTLA-4, LAG-3 and other inhibitory receptors, and the anti-tumor efficacy of vaccination can be increased with checkpoint blockade. In the current study, we sought to determine whether anti-tumor vaccination might be further improved with combined checkpoint blockade. Using an OVA-expressing mouse tumor model, we found that CD8 + T cells activated in the presence of professional antigen presenting cells (APC) expressed multiple checkpoint receptors; however, T cells activated without APCs expressed LAG-3 alone, suggesting that LAG-3 might be a preferred target in combination with vaccination. Using three different murine tumor models, and peptide or DNA vaccines targeting three tumor antigens, we assessed the effects of vaccines with blockade of PD-1 and/or LAG-3 on tumor growth. We report that, in each model, the anti-tumor efficacy of vaccination was increased with PD-1 and/or LAG-3 blockade. However, combined PD-1 and LAG-3 blockade elicited the greatest anti-tumor effect when combined with vaccination in a MycCaP prostate cancer model in which PD-1 blockade alone with vaccination targeting a "self" tumor antigen had less efficacy. These results suggest anti-tumor vaccination might best be combined with concurrent blockade of both PD-1 and LAG-3, and potentially other checkpoint receptors whose expression is increased on CD8 + T cells following vaccine-mediated activation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.