ArticleAddiction & health2021
Heaviness of Smoking Index versus Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence among Current Smokers of Ahmedabad City, India.
Article in Addiction & health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- The Relationship Between Cigarette Dependence and Cessation Methods: Implications for Smoking Cessation Among People With HIV.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2023Article
- Agreement between the Fagerström test for nicotine dependence (FTND) and the heaviness of smoking index (HSI) for assessing the intensity of nicotine dependence among daily smokers.Tobacco induced diseases · 2022Article
- Behavioral Patterns Behind Tobacco Smoking among Patients Admitted to a Tertiary Care Hospital of a Developing Nation.Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social MedicineArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe purpose of this research was to compare Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI), high early smoking, and heavy smoking with the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and further to evaluate the sensitivity of HSI, high early smoking, and heavy smoking among existing smokers.
methodsA cross sectional study was conducted by using FTND questionnaire among 200 existing smokers. The cut-off point for HSI was kept at 4; high early smokers and heavy smokers were classified as those individuals who smoked within 30 minutes after waking up and individuals who smoked 30 cigarettes or more daily, respectively. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and Cohen's Kappa statistics were evaluated.
findingsA significant agreement was observed between the HSI and the FTND, having Kappa value of 0.70, with good sensitivity of 78.16% and specificity as high as 91.15%. The ROC analysis confirmed that a cut-off score of 4 for HSI was suitable. Agreement between FTND and high early smoking was observed to be moderate (Kappa = 0.47, P < 0.001), while very low agreement (Kappa = 0.19, P < 0.001) was observed for FTND and heavy smoking.
conclusionResults show that HSI is an effective tool which can be substituted for the conventional FTND by the clinicians, psychotherapists, and investigators in health research.
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