Observational studyFrontiers in immunology
Respiratory Impairment Predicts Response to IL-1 and IL-6 Blockade in COVID-19 Patients With Severe Pneumonia and Hyper-Inflammation.
Observational study in Frontiers in immunology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Article
- Network Pharmacology and Experiment Verification-Based Strategy for Exploring the Mechanisms of Shuqing Granule in the Treatment of COVID-19.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Challenges to the Effectiveness and Immunogenicity of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Narrative Review with a Systematic Approach.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Review
- Weathering the Storm: How Age and Biologics Influence the COVID-19 Cytokine Surge.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- COVID-19: A Disease Driven by Protease/Antiprotease Imbalance? A Specific Review Five Years into the Pandemic.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Review
- The longitudinal characterization of immune responses in COVID-19 patients reveals novel prognostic signatures for disease severity, patients' survival and long COVID.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Treatable Traits in Systemic Sclerosis.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2023Review
- Article
- Does SARS-CoV-2 Induce IgG4 Synthesis to Evade the Immune System?Biomolecules · 2023Article
- Early Trends to Show the Efficacy of Cordyceps militaris in Mild to Moderate COVID Inflammation.Cureus · 2023Article
- IgG4 Antibodies Induced by Repeated Vaccination May Generate Immune Tolerance to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein.Vaccines · 2023Review
- A Prospective Cohort Study of COVID-19: Evaluation of the Early Role of IL-1 and IL-6 Antagonists in Improving the Outcome of the Illness and Reduction in the Risk of Death.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Unveiling COVID-19 Secrets: Harnessing Cytokines as Powerful Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Predicting Severity.Journal of inflammation research · 2023Article
- Interplay of host and viral factors in inflammatory pathway mediated cytokine storm during RNA virus infection.Current research in immunology · 2023Review
- Sarcoidosis and COVID-19: At the Cross-Road between Immunopathology and Clinical Manifestation.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Current evidence on the use of anakinra in COVID-19.International immunopharmacology · 2022Review
- Interleukin 6 inhibition in severe COVID-19: Another piece of the puzzle.European journal of internal medicine · 2022Article
- Circulating miR-320b and miR-483-5p levels are associated with COVID-19 in-hospital mortality.Mechanisms of ageing and development · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRestraining maladaptive inflammation is considered a rationale strategy to treat severe
objectivesTo identify a window of therapeutic opportunity for maximizing the efficacy of interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 blockade in COVID-19.
methodsSurvival at the longest available follow-up was assessed in severe hyper-inflamed COVID-19 patients treated with anakinra, tocilizumab, sarilumab, or standard of care, stratified according to respiratory impairment at the time of treatment initiation.
results107 patients treated with biologics and 103 contemporary patients treated with standard of care were studied. After a median of 106 days of follow-up (range 3-186), treatment with biologics was associated with a significantly higher survival rate compared to standard therapy when initiated in patients with a PaO
conclusionsIL-1 and IL-6 blocking therapies are more likely to provide survival advantage in hyper-inflamed COVID-19 patients when initiated before the establishment of severe respiratory failure.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.