ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
The Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 4 mRNA in PBMCs Is Upregulated in Smokers and Decreases Upon Smoking Cessation.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunomodulatory Effects of the Antimicrobial Peptide KR-20: Implications for Trichomoniasis.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Aged Garlic Extract and Its Bioactive Molecules S-Allyl-Cysteine and S1-Propenyl-Cysteine: A Review Focusing on Evidences Supporting Their Use for Mitigating the Effects of Cigarette Smoking.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Cytokine production of mononuclear leukocytes in response to respiratory syncytial virus is increased in COPD but suppressed in non-COPD tobacco smokers.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- An integral perspective of canonical cigarette and e-cigarette-related cardiovascular toxicity based on the adverse outcome pathway framework.Journal of advanced research · 2023Review
- The role of HMGB1/RAGE/TLR4 signaling pathways in cigarette smoke-induced inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Studies have shown Methods: A group of 97 smokers and 62 nonsmokers were enrolled. The RNA from PBMCs was assessed with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine the levels of ICAM-1, TNF-α, and TLR4. The same markers in PBMCs of 87 quitters were examined before and at one week, one month, and two months after smoking cessation. Results: Of the 97 smokers, 85 (87.6%) were males, and 30 (48.4%) of the nonsmokers were males ( Conclusions: ICAM-1, TNF-α, and TLR4 mRNA expression levels in PBMCs increased in smokers and decreased after being on a smoking cessation program for 2 months. This finding suggested that TLR4 expression may mediate the atherogenic inflammatory process induced by smoking.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.