ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
Cytokine Storm: The Primary Determinant for the Pathophysiological Evolution of COVID-19 Deterioration.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07576699 (CK0802 for Treatment of Steroid Refractory Graft vs. Host Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 108 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
CK0802 for Treatment of Steroid Refractory Graft vs. Host Disease (GVHD)
Who cites it
108 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 162 citations in OpenAlex.
- Autoantibodies as potential prognostic factors for clinical outcomes related to COVID-19: a systematic review of inception prospective cohort studies with GRADE recommendations.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica · 2025Pooled it
- Lessons learned from the use of convalescent plasma for the treatment of COVID-19 and specific considerations for immunocompromised patients.Transfusion and apheresis science : official journal of the World Apheresis Association : official journal of the European Society for Haemapheresis · 2022Pooled it
- Quantifying the Excess Risk of Adverse COVID-19 Outcomes in Unvaccinated Individuals With Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, Ischaemic Heart Disease or Myocardial Injury: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Changes in the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in individuals with severe COVID-19 treated with high dose of vitamin D.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2022Trial
- Secondary hypoalbuminemia is independently associated with in-hospital mortality in children withAnnals of medicine · 2026Article
- Association Between Statin Use, Cytokine Storm, and Clinical Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients with Diabetes.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Dietary methionine mitigates immune-mediated damage by enhancing renal clearance of cytokines.Cell metabolism · 2026Article
- Endothelial Biomarkers and Cytokine Profiles: Signatures of Mortality in Severe COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Observational
- Dual-function cytokines as modulators of autophagy: reprogramming inflammatory resolution in severe COVID-19.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Review
- Global research trends in influenza-associated acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome: a bibliometric analysis from 2010 to 2024.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Article
- IGF1R deficiency mitigates acute lung injury by promoting anti-inflammatory transcriptional profiles.Respiratory research · 2025Article
- Neuroimaging biomarkers of post-acute sequelae of Coronavirus Disease 2019.The British journal of radiology · 2025Review
- SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- The ACE2 decoy receptor can overcome immune escape by rapid mutating SARS-CoV-2 variants and reduce cytokine induction and clot formation.Journal of biomedical science · 2025Article
- cfDNA methylation detection as potential liquid biopsy of multiple organ injury in myocarditis patients.Clinical epigenetics · 2025Article
- Profile of Cytokines Associated with SARS-CoV2 Seropositivity in Multiple Sclerosis Patients and Its Persistence over Six Months.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Biomarker Patterns and Their Association with Lung Injury in COVID-19 Patients.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Article
- Amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells as a therapeutic tool against cytokine storm: a comparison with umbilical cord counterparts.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Article
- Case Report: A case of heart failure recovery after non-ischemic cardiomyopathy following chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
48 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an ongoing major threat to global health and has posed significant challenges for the treatment of severely ill COVID-19 patients. Several studies have reported that cytokine storms are an important cause of disease deterioration and death in COVID-19 patients. Consequently, it is important to understand the specific pathophysiological processes underlying how cytokine storms promote the deterioration of COVID-19. Here, we outline the pathophysiological processes through which cytokine storms contribute to the deterioration of SARS-CoV-2 infection and describe the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the immune system, as well as the pathophysiology of immune response dysfunction that leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and coagulation impairment. Treatments based on inhibiting cytokine storm-induced deterioration and occurrence are also described.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.