ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2021
The Composition of the Microbiota in the Full-Term Fetal Gut and Amniotic Fluid: A Bovine Cesarean Section Study.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unraveling the dynamic changes in the intestinal microbiome: impacts on pre-weaning calf health and productivity.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Microbial colonisation of the neonatal beef calf gastrointestinal tract: limited influence of birth delivery method across five anatomical regions.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Early rumen development in calves: Biological processes and nutritional strategies-A mini-review.JDS communications · 2025Article
- Cultured Bacteria in the Abdominal Wall Incision During the Realisation of Caesarean Section in Cows: A Preliminary Study.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Temporal establishment of the colon microbiota in Angus calves from birth to post-weaning.PloS one · 2025Article
- Meconium microbiota in naturally delivered canine puppies.BMC veterinary research · 2024Article
- Bacteria colonization and gene expression related to immune function in colon mucosa is associated with growth in neonatal calves regardless of live yeast supplementation.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2024Article
- The dogma of the sterile uterus revisited: does microbial seeding occur during fetal life in humans and animals?Reproduction (Cambridge, England) · 2024Review
- The microbiome of the pregnant uterus in Holstein dairy heifers and cows assessed by bacterial culture and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Impacts of maternal microbiota and microbial metabolites on fetal intestine, brain, and placenta.BMC biology · 2023Article
- Challenging the Hypothesis of in Utero Microbiota Acquisition in Healthy Canine and Feline Pregnancies at Term: Preliminary Data.Veterinary sciences · 2023Article
- Bacterial Contamination of the Surgical Site at the Time of Elective Caesarean Section in Belgian Blue Cows-Part 2: Identified by 16Sr DNA Amplicon Sequencing.Veterinary sciences · 2023Article
- Evolving understanding of rumen methanogen ecophysiology.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Bovine neonatal microbiome origins: a review of proposed microbial community presence from conception to colostrum.Translational animal science · 2023Article
- Bacterial Contamination of the Surgical Site at the Time of Elective Caesarean Section in Belgian Blue Cows-Part 1: Identified by Bacterial Culture.Veterinary sciences · 2022Article
- Effect of the Microbiome on Intestinal Innate Immune Development in Early Life and the Potential Strategy of Early Intervention.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Long-term effects of early-life rumen microbiota modulation on dairy cow production performance and methane emissions.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Seminal and vagino-uterine microbiome and their individual and interactive effects on cattle fertility.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Does the Amniotic Fluid of Mice Contain a Viable Microbiota?Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Bovine Animal Model for Studying the Maternal Microbiome,Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The development of a healthy intestinal immune system requires early microbial exposure. However, it remains unclear whether microbial exposure already begins at the prenatal stage. Analysis of such low microbial biomass environments are challenging due to contamination issues. The aims of the current study were to assess the bacterial load and characterize the bacterial composition of the amniotic fluid and meconium of full-term calves, leading to a better knowledge of prenatal bacterial seeding of the fetal intestine. Amniotic fluid and rectal meconium samples were collected during and immediately after elective cesarean section, performed in 25 Belgian Blue cow-calf couples. The samples were analyzed by qPCR, bacterial culture using GAM agar and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. To minimize the effects of contaminants, we included multiple technical controls and stringently filtered the 16S rRNA gene sequencing data to exclude putative contaminant sequences. The meconium samples contained a significantly higher amount of bacterial DNA than the negative controls and 5 of 24 samples contained culturable bacteria. In the amniotic fluid, the amount of bacterial DNA was not significantly different from the negative controls and all samples were culture negative. Bacterial sequences were identified in both sample types and were primarily of phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria, with some individual variation. We conclude that most calves encounter
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.