ArticleFrontiers in aging neuroscience2021
Evidence for Peripheral Immune Activation in Parkinson's Disease.
Article in Frontiers in aging neuroscience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Causal relationship between immune mediators and parkinson's disease: A Mendelian randomization analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Peripheral Immune Alterations and T Cell Clonal Dynamics Across the Parkinson's Disease Spectrum.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Review
- Progress of Immunotherapies in Parkinson's Disease.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Review
- Functional alterations of peripheral blood CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets in patients with Parkinson disease: A review.Medicine · 2026Review
- When neuroprotection fails early: prokineticin downregulation in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder.Sleep · 2026Article
- Perioperative Inflammatory Cytokines in Parkinson's Disease.Biomolecules · 2026Observational
- Comparative Analysis of T-Cell Signatures and Astroglial Reactivity in Parkinson's Pathology Across Animal Models with Distinct Regenerative Capacities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Parkinson's disease: exploring the systemic immune mechanisms through molecular investigations.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- Food for thought: probiotic modulation of microglial activity in Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2025Review
- Pink1/Parkin deficiency alters circulating lymphocyte populations and increases platelet-T cell aggregates in rats.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The gut microbiome: an important role in neurodegenerative diseases and their therapeutic advances.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2024Review
- Differentiation and regulation of CD4Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Review
- Pink1/Parkin deficiency alters circulating lymphocyte populations and increases platelet-T cell aggregates in rats.Research square · 2024Article
- Immunological shifts during early-stage Parkinson's disease identified with DNA methylation data on longitudinally collected blood samples.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2024Article
- Inflammation and heterogeneity in synucleinopathies.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Association between peripheral adaptive immune markers and disease progression in Parkinson's disease.Journal of neurology · 2023Article
- Cytokine and chemokine map of peripheral specific immune cell subsets in Parkinson's disease.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2023Article
- Relationship between [Journal of neurology · 2023Article
- The Peripheral Immune Traits Changed in Patients with Multiple System Atrophy.Brain sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAccumulating evidence has revealed that peripheral immunity is involved in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the results regarding the percentage of T-cell subsets are inconsistent, and the changes of immunoglobins levels have been seldom studied in PD patients.
methodsSerum levels of the percentage of T-cell subsets and immunoglobulins were measured in 761 PD patients and 761 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. The correlations between the variables of peripheral immune activation (PIA) and the clinical characteristics of PD were analyzed using correlation analysis.
resultsThe pooled results showed that PD patients had higher proportional levels of CD3+ T and CD4+ T lymphocytes than healthy controls. CD8+ T cell percentages were similar in PD patients and controls, and the CD4/CD8 ratio was significantly higher in the PD population. No significant differences in IgG, IgA, or IgM levels between these two groups were found. CD4+ T cell percentage was inversely correlated with the H&Y stage, and IgG level was positively correlated with disease duration and UPDRS part III. Subgroup analyses showed that these associations existed in female patients, but not in male patients.
conclusionThe enhanced immune activation in the peripheral system is indicated in PD, and dynamic alterations in CD4+ T cell percentage and IgG level suggest an active role for peripheral immunity in the disease progression, especially in female PD patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.