Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33994931›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in neuroscience2021

Longer and Deeper Desaturations Are Associated With the Worsening of Mild Sleep Apnea: The Sleep Heart Health Study.

Tuomas Karhu, Sami Myllymaa, Sami Nikkonen, Diego R Mazzotti, Juha Töyräs, Timo Leppänen

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
2.4field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Polysomnographic phenotypes: predictors of treatment response in Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Mandibular Advancement devices.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2025
    Trial
  2. Article
  3. Prevalence and predictors of obstructive sleep apnea in collegiate football players.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Tuomas KarhuDepartment of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Sami MyllymaaDepartment of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Sami NikkonenDepartment of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Diego R MazzottiDivision of Medical Informatics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States.
Juha TöyräsDepartment of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Timo LeppänenDepartment of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
University of Eastern Finland · FIKuopio University Hospital · FIUniversity of Kansas Medical Center · US

Funding

Understanding the relationship between obesity and tongue fat in humans and ratsP01HL094307 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI PACK, ALLAN I · 2009 to 2020
$23.7M
National Sleep Research Resource (NSRR)R24HL114473 · NHLBI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI REDLINE, SUSAN S., ZHANG, GUO-QIANG · 2013 to 2017
$7.5M
DATA COORDINATING CENTER FOR SLEEP HEART STUDYU01HL064360 · NHLBI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI DIENER-WEST, MARIE · 1999 to 2007
$4.4M
THE SLEEP HEART HEALTH STUDY: READING CENTER APPLICATIONU01HL063463 · NHLBI · CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY · PI REDLINE, SUSAN S. · 1999 to 2007
$2.8M
The Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS)U01HL053938 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA · PI QUAN, STUART F. · 1994 to 2007
$2.0M
SLEEP HEART HEALTH STUDYU01HL053931 · NHLBI · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI RAPOPORT, DAVID M. · 1994 to 2003
$1.9M
THE SLEEP HEART HEALTH STUDYU01HL053937 · NHLBI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI PUNJABI, NARESH · 1994 to 2007
$1.6M
SLEEP HEART HEALTH STUDYU01HL053916 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS · PI ROBBINS, JOHN A · 1994 to 2007
$1.5M
THE SLEEP HEART HEALTH STUDYU01HL053934 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TWIN CITIES · PI SHAHAR, EYAL · 1994 to 2007
$1.4M
SLEEP HEART HEALTH STUDYU01HL053941 · NHLBI · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI O'CONNOR, GEORGE T · 1994 to 2007
$1.4M
NHLBI NIH HHS P01 HL094307NHLBI NIH HHS R24 HL114473NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL053916NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL053931NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL053934NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL053937NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL053938NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL053941NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL063463NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL064360
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

STUDY

objectivesObesity, older age, and male sex are recognized risk factors for sleep apnea. However, it is unclear whether the severity of hypoxic burden, an essential feature of sleep apnea, is associated with the risk of sleep apnea worsening. Thus, we investigated our hypothesis that the worsening of sleep apnea is expedited in individuals with more severe desaturations.

methodsThe blood oxygen saturation (SpO

resultsIn the group consisting of both men and women, avg. DesDur (β = 1.594,

conclusionLonger and deeper desaturations are more likely to expose a patient to the worsening of sleep apnea. This information could be useful in the planning of follow-up monitoring or lifestyle counseling in the early stage of the disease.

Indexed as

desaturationdisease worseninghypoxic burdenintermittent hypoxemiaoxygen saturationprogressionrisk factorsleep apnea

Identifiers

PMID33994931
PMCPMC8113677
OpenAlexW3159087937

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.