Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33994309›Full record

ArticleThe International journal on drug policy2021

High occurrence of witnessing an opioid overdose in a sample of women who use heroin in Tanzania: Implications for overdose prevention.

Haneefa T Saleem, Samuel Likindikoki, Bareng A S Nonyane, Jessie Mbwambo, Carl Latkin

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The International journal on drug policy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
0.4field-weighted citation impact, top 35% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Haneefa T SaleemDepartment of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Electronic address: haneefa.saleem@jhu.edu.
Samuel LikindikokiDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65015, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Medicine, Muhmbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Bareng A S NonyaneDepartment of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Jessie MbwamboDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Medicine, Muhmbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Carl LatkinDepartment of Health, Behavior and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 624 North Broadway Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Johns Hopkins University · USMuhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences · TZ

Funding

Vaccine Response and Immunotherapeutics SWGP30AI094189 · NIAID · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Richard E. Chaisson · 2012 to 2026
$67.0M
Tuberculosis Research Institute at MUHASD43TW009573 · FIC · DARTMOUTH COLLEGE · PI ADAMS, LISA VIRGINIA · 2013 to 2022
$3.0M
Understanding the role of social networks in methadone maintenance treatment retention and antiretroviral therapy adherence among people who inject drugs in TanzaniaK01DA047142 · NIDA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI SALEEM, HANEEFA TASLEEM · 2019 to 2023
$968k
FIC NIH HHS D43 TW009573NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI094189NIDA NIH HHS K01 DA047142
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundOpioid overdose is preventable and reversible. To target overdose prevention training and naloxone distribution, it is important to understand characteristics of those people who use drugs most likely to witness an overdose. In this paper we report the proportion and characteristics of women who use heroin that have witnessed an opioid overdose in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey with 200 women who use heroin. We fitted unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models with witnessing an opioid overdose as the dependent variable and sociodemographic and drug use-related variables as independent variables.

resultsThe majority of participants (85%) reported having ever witnessed an opioid overdose. Age (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.02-1.12), having ever attempted to stop heroin use (aOR = 11.27; 95% CI: 2.25-56.46), history of arrest (aOR = 3.75; 95% CI: 1.32-10.63), and spending time daily in places where people use drugs (aOR = 3.72; 95% CI: 1.43-9.64) were found to be independently associated with ever witnessing an overdose.

conclusionsFindings suggest the need for expanded access to naloxone to lay people and community and peer-based overdose prevention training in Tanzania, including the distribution of naloxone in settings with high drug use.

Indexed as

Drug OverdoseOpiate OverdoseAnalgesics, OpioidCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHeroinHumansNaloxoneNarcotic AntagonistsTanzaniaAnalgesics, OpioidHeroinNaloxoneNarcotic AntagonistsHeroinOverdoseTanzaniaWomen

Identifiers

PMID33994309
PMCPMC8568619
OpenAlexW3160495528

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.