ArticleAmerican journal of preventive medicine2021
Marketing to Children Inside Quick Service Restaurants: Differences by Community Demographics.
Article in American journal of preventive medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Development and testing of two tools to assess point-of-sale food and beverage marketing to children in restaurants.Public health nutrition · 2024Article
- Within-store fast food marketing: The association between food swamps and unhealthy advertisement.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Article
- Trends in Quick-Service Restaurants near Public Schools in the United States: Differences by Community, School, and Student Characteristics.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2023Article
- A Call for Theory to Guide Equity-Focused Federal Child Nutrition Program Policy Responses and Recovery Efforts in Times of Public Health Crisis.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2023Article
- Impact of Obesogenic Environments on Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption among Preschoolers: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Survey in Beijing.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Family Food Insecurity, Food Acquisition, and Eating Behavior Over 6 Months Into the COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of nutrition education and behavior · 2022Article
- Restaurant dining during the COVID-19 pandemic among adults with low-income in the United States.Appetite · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionIn the U.S., children regularly consume foods from quick-service restaurants, but little is known about the marketing strategies currently used inside quick-service restaurants. This study aims to validate a child-focused Environmental Assessment Tool for quick-service restaurants, evaluate marketing strategies inside and on the exterior of quick-service restaurants, and examine differences by community race/ethnicity or income.
methodsThe inter-rater and test-retest reliability of the Environmental Assessment Tool were assessed across the top 5 national quick-service restaurant chains. Marketing techniques in 165 quick-service restaurants (33 per national chain) in socioeconomically and racially/ethnically diverse communities throughout New England were examined in 2018-2019. Mixed methods ANOVA examined the differences in marketing techniques in 2020.
resultsThe inter-rater and test-retest reliability of the Environmental Assessment Tool were high (Cohen's κ>0.80). Approximately 95% of quick-service restaurants marketed less healthy foods, whereas only 6.5% marketed healthy options. When examining the differences by community demographics, there were significantly more price promotion advertisements inside and on the exterior of quick-service restaurants in lower-income communities. In addition, there was a greater number of child-directed advertisements with cartoon or TV/movie characters as well as fewer healthy entrée options and more sugar-sweetened beverage and dessert options on the children's menu inside quick-service restaurants in communities with higher minority populations.
conclusionsEnvironmental Assessment Tool is a valid tool to evaluate marketing inside quick-service restaurants. Results suggest that there is a substantial amount of unhealthy food and beverage marketing inside quick-service restaurants, with differences in the number and types of techniques used in lower-income and minority communities. Policies that limit quick-service restaurant marketing to children should be considered.
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Registered trials
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