Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33993508›Full record

ArticleMedical physics2021

Self-supervised learning for accelerated 3D high-resolution ultrasound imaging.

Xianjin Dai, Yang Lei, Tonghe Wang, Marian Axente, Dong Xu, Pretesh Patel, Ashesh B Jani, Walter J Curran, Tian Liu, Xiaofeng Yang

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Medical physics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
1.5field-weighted citation impact, top 18% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Survey of Deep Learning and Physics-Based Approaches in Computational Wave Imaging.Proceedings of the IEEE. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Xianjin DaiDepartment of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
Yang LeiDepartment of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
Tonghe WangDepartment of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
Marian AxenteDepartment of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
Dong XuDepartment of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
Pretesh PatelDepartment of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
Ashesh B JaniDepartment of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
Walter J CurranDepartment of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
Tian LiuDepartment of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
Xiaofeng YangDepartment of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
Emory University · US

Funding

Multiparametric MRI-guided Prostate HDR Brachytherapy with Focal Tumor BoostR01CA215718 · NCI · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI YANG, XIAOFENG · 2018 to 2022
$1.8M
Department of Defense (DoD) Prostate Cancer Research Program (PCRP) W81XWH-17-1-0438Department of Defense (DoD) Prostate Cancer Research Program (PCRP) W81XWH-19-1-0567Emory Winship Cancer Institute pilotNational Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health R01CA215718NCI NIH HHS R01 CA215718
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeUltrasound (US) imaging has been widely used in diagnosis, image-guided intervention, and therapy, where high-quality three-dimensional (3D) images are highly desired from sparsely acquired two-dimensional (2D) images. This study aims to develop a deep learning-based algorithm to reconstruct high-resolution (HR) 3D US images only reliant on the acquired sparsely distributed 2D images.

methodsWe propose a self-supervised learning framework using cycle-consistent generative adversarial network (cycleGAN), where two independent cycleGAN models are trained with paired original US images and two sets of low-resolution (LR) US images, respectively. The two sets of LR US images are obtained through down-sampling the original US images along the two axes, respectively. In US imaging, in-plane spatial resolution is generally much higher than through-plane resolution. By learning the mapping from down-sampled in-plane LR images to original HR US images, cycleGAN can generate through-plane HR images from original sparely distributed 2D images. Finally, HR 3D US images are reconstructed by combining the generated 2D images from the two cycleGAN models.

resultsThe proposed method was assessed on two different datasets. One is automatic breast ultrasound (ABUS) images from 70 breast cancer patients, the other is collected from 45 prostate cancer patients. By applying a spatial resolution enhancement factor of 3 to the breast cases, our proposed method achieved the mean absolute error (MAE) value of 0.90 ± 0.15, the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) value of 37.88 ± 0.88 dB, and the visual information fidelity (VIF) value of 0.69 ± 0.01, which significantly outperforms bicubic interpolation. Similar performances have been achieved using the enhancement factor of 5 in these breast cases and using the enhancement factors of 5 and 10 in the prostate cases.

conclusionsWe have proposed and investigated a new deep learning-based algorithm for reconstructing HR 3D US images from sparely acquired 2D images. Significant improvement on through-plane resolution has been achieved by only using the acquired 2D images without any external atlas images. Its self-supervision capability could accelerate HR US imaging.

Indexed as

Image Processing, Computer-AssistedImaging, Three-DimensionalHumansMaleSignal-To-Noise RatioSupervised Machine LearningUltrasonographycycle-consistent generative adversarial networkdeep learningimage-guided therapyself-supervised learningultrasound imaging

Identifiers

PMID33993508
PMCPMC11699523
OpenAlexW3162830297

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.