ReviewRheumatology and therapy2021
Cognitive Dysfunction in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Immunopathology, Clinical Manifestations, Neuroimaging and Management.
Review in Rheumatology and therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association between systemic lupus erythematosus and cognitive impairment or dementia: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of systemic lupus erythematosus on the brain: a systematic review of structural MRI findings and their relationships with cognitive dysfunction.Lupus science & medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Glucocorticoid exposure and social support deficits as longitudinal predictors of long-term neuropsychiatric damage in SLE: insights from the LUMINA cohort (LXXXIII).Lupus science & medicine · 2026Article
- Real-world safety profile of anifrolumab: An observational disproportionality analysis of the FAERS database.Medicine · 2026Observational
- Article
- Examining the Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on the Cognitive Functions of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Iranian journal of psychiatry · 2026Article
- Psychological well-being of SLE patients: A comprehensive examination of stress, depression, anxiety and quality of life.PloS one · 2026Article
- Association of Elevated Serum S100A8/A9 Levels and Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Arthritis care & research · 2025Article
- Burden and determinants of cognitive impairment in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus patients: a cross-sectional study from a tertiary care centre in South India.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Article
- Disrupted Structure-Function Integration in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Its Impact on Cognitive Flexibility.Human brain mapping · 2025Article
- Predictive value of total CSVD burden scores in cognitive impairment among SLE patients on the basis of MRI evaluation.Advances in rheumatology (London, England) · 2025Article
- Review
- Systemic lupus erythematosus: updated insights on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention and therapeutics.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Brain perfusion and blood-brain barrier permeability in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: Associations with disease activity, cognitive dysfunction, fatigue and pain.Neuroimage. Reports · 2025Article
- Altered medial temporal lobe subregion volumes in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms.BMC rheumatology · 2025Article
- Animal models of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: deciphering the complexity and guiding therapeutic development.Autoimmunity · 2024Review
- Cognitive impairment in individuals with rheumatic diseases: the role of systemic inflammation, immunomodulatory medications, and comorbidities.The Lancet. Rheumatology · 2024Review
- Brain-immune interactions: implication for cognitive impairments in Alzheimer's disease and autoimmune disorders.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2024Review
- WIF-1 contributes to lupus-induced neuropsychological deficits via the CRYAB/STAT4-SHH axis.Arthritis research & therapy · 2024Article
- Cognitive dysfunction in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus: current knowledge and future directions.Child neuropsychology : a journal on normal and abnormal development in childhood and adolescence · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction (CD) is a common yet often clinically subtle manifestation that considerably impacts the health-related quality of life in patients with systemic lupus erythaematosus (SLE). Given the inconsistencies in CD assessment and challenges in its attribution to SLE, the reported prevalence of CD differs widely, ranging from 3 to 88%. The clinical presentation of CD in SLE is non-specific and may manifest concurrently with overt neuropsychiatric illness such as psychosis or mood disorders or as isolated impairment of attention, working memory, executive dysfunction or processing speed. Despite the lack of standardized and sensitive neuropsychological tests and validated diagnostic biomarkers of CD in SLE, significant progress has been made in identifying pathogenic neural pathways and neuroimaging. Furthermore, several autoantibodies, cytokines, pro-inflammatory mediators and metabolic factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of CD in SLE. Abrogation of the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and ensuing autoantibody-mediated neurotoxicity, complement and microglial activation remains the widely accepted mechanism of SLE-related CD. Although several functional neuroimaging modalities have consistently demonstrated abnormalities that correlate with CD in SLE patients, a consensus remains to be reached as to their clinical utility in diagnosing CD. Given the multifactorial aetiology of CD, a multi-domain interventional approach that addresses the risk factors and disease mechanisms of CD in a concurrent fashion is the favourable therapeutic direction. While cognitive rehabilitation and exercise training remain important, specific pharmacological agents that target microglial activation and maintain the BBB integrity are potential candidates for the treatment of SLE-related CD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.