ReviewGenes and immunity2021
Mechanisms of microbe-immune system dialogue within the skin.
Review in Genes and immunity, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed.
- Gut-Brain-Skin Axis: From Mechanistic Insights to Translational Applications in Neurocosmetics.Dermatology and therapy · 2026Review
- Hydroxytyrosol and Olive-Derived Hydroxytyrosol-Rich Products for Skin Health and Prevention of Skin Ageing: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Effects of Extended-Release Polyhexanide on Inflammatory Cytokine Expression and Disease Severity Following Staphylococcus Aureus Exposure in a Murine Dermatitis Model.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Microbial pigments as multi-functional cosmeceuticals: mechanism of action and sustainable production.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Probiotic Engraftment and Suppression of Canine Otitis Externa Pathogens by Probiotic Ear Drops.Veterinary dermatology · 2026Article
- Temperature and Ultraviolet Radiation Influence the Skin Microbiome of Humpback Whales.Molecular ecology · 2026Article
- Article
- Omics-based decoding of molecular and metabolic crosstalk in the skin barrier ecosystem.Cell death and differentiation · 2026Review
- RNA and DNA sequencing of skin microbiomes yield complementary yet distinct profiles.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
- Oral Postbiotic (VMK223) Supplementation Is Associated with Improved Instrumental Skin Appearance Parameters in Healthy Women Aged 40-55 Years: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.Dermatology and therapy · 2026Article
- Beyond Inflammation: The Role of Oxidative Stress and Gut-Skin Axis Dysbiosis in the Pathogenesis of Immune-Mediated Skin Disorders and Potential Therapeutic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Multi‑omics and their integration in psoriasis research (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2026Review
- Cutaneous Manifestations of Inborn Errors of Immunity: Clinical Clues to Immune Disorders.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Advancing human skin models by integrating skin microbes for next-generation research.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- When Checkpoint Inhibitors Break Barriers: Mechanisms and Challenges of irAEs of the Skin, Gastrointestinal Tract, and Lung.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Review
- Advances in Bioprinting to Model Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Genotype-Environment-Driven Dysbiosis in the Skin Microbiome of Ichthyosis.The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2026Article
- Extraction and Quantification of Skin Immune Cells and Skin Lipids.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Immunomodulatory roles of regulatory T cells in cutaneous wound healing: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Bacterial colonized melanoma skin models allow to study host-microbe interactionsFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The prevalence and severity of dermatological conditions such as atopic dermatitis have increased dramatically during recent decades. Many of the factors associated with an altered risk of developing inflammatory skin disorders have also been shown to alter the composition and diversity of non-pathogenic microbial communities that inhabit the human host. While the most densely microbial populated organ is the gut, culture and non-culture-based technologies have revealed a dynamic community of bacteria, fungi, viruses and mites that exist on healthy human skin, which change during disease. In this review, we highlight some of the recent findings on the mechanisms through which microbes interact with each other on the skin and the signalling systems that mediate communication between the immune system and skin-associated microbes. In addition, we summarize the ongoing clinical studies that are targeting the microbiome in patients with skin disorders. While significant efforts are still required to decipher the mechanisms underpinning host-microbe communication relevant to skin health, it is likely that disease-related microbial communities, or Dermatypes, will help identify personalized treatments and appropriate microbial reconstitution strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.