ArticleJournal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia2021
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) associated with COVID-19.
Article in Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Frequency of ischaemic stroke and intracranial haemorrhage in patients with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) - A systematic review.European journal of neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome in patients with COVID-19 infection: is there a link? A systematic review and case report analysis.Journal of neurology · 2023Pooled it
- An Association Between Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome and Severe Hypercapnia in Chronic CO₂ Retention.Cureus · 2025Article
- Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome in idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease under treatment with tocilizumab.BMJ neurology open · 2025Article
- Acute and long-term effects of COVID-19 on brain and mental health: A narrative review.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Review
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- Superinfected COVID-19 in a young patient with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: A case report.Clinical case reports · 2024Article
- COVID-19-related posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: insights from a clinical case.Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea) · 2024Article
- Neurological complications after COVID-19: A narrative review.eNeurologicalSci · 2023Review
- Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in a patient under maintenance haemodialysis: a case report.BMC nephrology · 2023Article
- Advances in Management of the Stroke Etiology One-Percenters.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2023Review
- Article
- Therapeutic Trends of Cerebrovascular Disease during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Future Perspectives.Journal of stroke · 2022Review
- A review of neuroradiological abnormalities in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).The neuroradiology journal · 2022Review
- Early reversible leukoencephalopathy and unilateral sixth cranial nerve palsy in mild COVID-19 infection.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2021Article
- The association of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome with COVID-19: A systematic review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2021Review
- Correspondence concerning "Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) associated with COVID-19".Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia · 2021Article
- A broad spectrum of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome - a case series with clinical and paraclinical characterisation, and histopathological findings.BMC neurology · 2021Article
- Response to correspondence concerning "Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) associated with COVID-19".Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The novel human coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been associated with vascular and thrombotic complications, some of which may result from endothelial dysfunction, including the posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). We report a case series of 8 patients with COVID-19 and PRES diagnosed at two academic medical centers between March and July of 2020. The clinical, laboratory and radiographic data, treatment, and short-term outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. The mean age was 57.9 ± 12 years, and 50% were women. Four patients had previous vascular comorbidities. All the patients suffered from severe pneumonia, requiring intensive care unit admission. Five patients were not hypertensive at presentation (all SBP < 127 mmHg). Neurologic symptoms included seizures in 7 patients; impaired consciousness in 5 patients; focal neurological signs in 3 patients; and visual disturbances in 1 patient. All patients underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging which indicated asymmetric T2 prolongation or diffusion changes (50%), extensive fronto-parieto-occipital involvement (25%), vascular irregularities (12.5%) and intracranial hemorrhage (25%). Four patients were treated with tocilizumab. Three patients were discharged without neurologic disability, 2 patients had persistent focal neurologic deficits and 2 expired. One patient's prognosis remains guarded. Together, these data support the relationship between PRES and endothelial dysfunction associated with severe COVID-19. In patients with severe COVID-19, PRES can be triggered by uncontrolled hypertension, or occur independently in the setting of systemic illness and certain medications. Like other infectious processes, critically ill patients with COVID-19 may be at greater risk of PRES because of impaired vasoreactivity or the use of novel agents like Tocilizumab.
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