SynthesisCurrent cardiology reviews2021
Safety and Efficacy of Intermittent Hypoxia Conditioning as a New Rehabilitation/ Secondary Prevention Strategy for Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Current cardiology reviews, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Effects of Intermittent Normobaric Hypoxia on Health-Related Outcomes in Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review.Sports medicine - open · 2023Pooled it
- Intermittent normobaric hypoxia at rest is associated with divergent cardiac autonomic trajectories in master cyclists.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Impact of Hypoxia-Hyperoxia Exposures on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and TMAO Levels in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Trial
- Intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia training in stroke rehabilitation: an observational feasibility study.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2026Article
- Effects of a 6-Week Intermittent Hypoxia-Hyperoxia Exposure Program on Blood Pressure, Respiratory Function, Cardiac Autonomic Nervous Activity and CRP Levels in Older Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Mild Neonatal Hypoxia Modifies the Reactivity of the Glucocorticoid System in Adult Rats, Promoting Improved Learning and Spatial Memory Under Stressful Conditions.Neurochemical research · 2026Article
- Intermittent hypoxic conditioning as a novel strategy for obesity treatment: current evidence and future perspectives.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Therapeutic hypoxia to protect and revive ischemic heart and brain.Military Medical Research · 2026Article
- Review
- Can Intermittent Hypoxic Conditioning Enhance the Benefits of Standard Long COVID-19 Rehabilitation?Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Article
- Health benefits of life at moderate altitude: does hypoxia matter?Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- Intermittent Hypoxic-Hyperoxic Training During Inpatient Rehabilitation Improves Exercise Capacity and Functional Outcome in Patients With Long Covid: Results of a Controlled Clinical Pilot Trial.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2024Article
- Acute Intermittent Hypoxia Did Not Alter Pain Sensitivity or Pain Intensity Ratings for Individuals with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Pilot Study.Journal of pain research · 2024Article
- Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia Exposure Alternative to Exercise Alleviates High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity and Fatty Liver.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Intermittent Hypoxic-Hyperoxic Exposures Effects in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: Correction of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Profile.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- The Effects of Intermittent Hypoxic-Hyperoxic Exposures on Lipid Profile and Inflammation in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundOnce used by mountaineers to facilitate rapid adaptations to altitude and by athletes to improve their aerobic capacity, exposure to hypoxia has been proven to affect various physiological, clinically relevant parameters. A form of conditioning known as Intermittent Hypoxia Conditioning (IHC) consists of repeated exposures to intermittent hypoxia, combined with normoxia and hyperoxia, which has been shown to have potential as a treatment to improve cardio- metabolic risks profile in cardiac patients but results across studies are inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of IHC.
methodsFour electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were searched (from inception to December 2019) to retrieve all studies focused on IHC in elderly patients with cardiovascular disease. A meta-analysis of functional, efficacy and safety outcomes in cardiac patients was completed to compare IHC to sham treatments.
resultsFourteen studies with 320 patients in the Interval Hypoxia-normoxia Group (IHNG) or Interval Hypoxia-hyperoxia training Group (IHHG) and 111 patients in the control group were included in our meta-analysis. IHNT and IHHT were associated with significant reduction in heart rate, SBP, and DBP at rest after treatment [MD= -5.35 beat/min, 95% CI (-9.19 to -1.50), p=0.006], [MD= -13.72 mmHg, 95% CI (-18.31 to -9.132), p<0.001], and [MD= -7.882 mmHg, 95% CI (-13.163 to -2.601), p=0.003], respectively. There were no significant complications or serious adverse events related to IHNT/IHHT.
conclusionThe current evidence suggested that the use of the IHNT/IHHT program in elderly patients with CVDs can be safe and effective in terms of heart rate and elevated blood pressure. However, currently, there is no supporting evidence that IHNT/IHHT can significantly improve hematological parameters or lipid profile. Exercise tolerance increased at the end of the course of hypoxic conditioning within IHC group, but did not differ from controls. Further research is needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.