ReviewActa physiologica (Oxford, England)2021
Microglia-leucocyte axis in cerebral ischaemia and inflammation in the developing brain.
Review in Acta physiologica (Oxford, England), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multifunctional material platforms for neural interfaces: active orchestration of dynamic foreign body response across implantation lifetimes.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- GPNMB modulates neutrophil extracellular trap formation: therapeutic implications for ischemic stroke.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- CSF Leukocytes in Intracranial Infections: Diagnostic, Mechanistic, and Therapeutic Insights for Neurocritical Care.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Delphinidin-3-O-glucoside attenuates neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in a neonatal mouse model by reprogramming microglial polarization.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Inflammatory mechanisms contribute to long-term cognitive deficits induced by perinatal asphyxia via interleukin-1.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Neuroimmune responses in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: cellular roles, crosstalk, and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- Stage-specific neutrophil states in neonatal injury: from antimicrobial deficiency to pro-resolution repair.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Novel GLP-1/GIP Dual Receptor Agonist Alleviates Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy by Inhibiting TLR2/NF-κB/NLRP3 Mediated-Neuroinflammation : The role of DA5-CH in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.Neurochemical research · 2025Article
- Prenatal inflammation impairs early CD11c-positive microglia induction and delays myelination in neurodevelopmental disorders.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Proteomic analysis of hippocampus reveals metabolic reprogramming in a piglet model of mild hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.PloS one · 2025Article
- Amorfrutin B Compromises Hypoxia/Ischemia-induced Activation of Human Microglia in a PPARγ-dependent Manner: Effects on Inflammation, Proliferation Potential, and Mitochondrial Status.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2024Article
- Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation (LIPUS) modulates microglial activation following intracortical microelectrode implantation.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Brain Maturation as a Fundamental Factor in Immune-Neurovascular Interactions in Stroke.Translational stroke research · 2024Review
- Advances in Therapies to Treat Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Article
- Extracellular vesicles from immortalized mesenchymal stromal cells protect against neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.Inflammation and regeneration · 2023Article
- Frequent Low-Dose ΔBiological psychiatry · 2022Article
- The Role of Infection and Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Pediatric Arterial Ischemic Stroke.Seminars in pediatric neurology · 2022Review
- Neutrophil modulation of behavior and cognition in health and disease: The unexplored role of an innate immune cell.Immunological reviews · 2022Review
- Cerebral ischemia in the developing brain.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Development of the Central Nervous System (CNS) is reliant on the proper function of numerous intricately orchestrated mechanisms that mature independently, including constant communication between the CNS and the peripheral immune system. This review summarizes experimental knowledge of how cerebral ischaemia in infants and children alters physiological communication between leucocytes, brain immune cells, microglia and the neurovascular unit (NVU)-the "microglia-leucocyte axis"-and contributes to acute and long-term brain injury. We outline physiological development of CNS barriers in relation to microglial and leucocyte maturation and the plethora of mechanisms by which microglia and peripheral leucocytes communicate during postnatal period, including receptor-mediated and intracellular inflammatory signalling, lipids, soluble factors and extracellular vesicles. We focus on the "microglia-leucocyte axis" in rodent models of most common ischaemic brain diseases in the at-term infants, hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) and focal arterial stroke and discuss commonalities and distinctions of immune-neurovascular mechanisms in neonatal and childhood stroke compared to stroke in adults. Given that hypoxic and ischaemic brain damage involve Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation, we discuss the modulatory role of viral and bacterial TLR2/3/4-mediated infection in HIE, perinatal and childhood stroke. Furthermore, we provide perspective of the dynamics and contribution of the axis in cerebral ischaemia depending on the CNS maturational stage at the time of insult, and modulation independently and in consort by individual axis components and in a sex dependent ways. Improved understanding on how to modify crosstalk between microglia and leucocytes will aid in developing age-appropriate therapies for infants and children who suffered cerebral ischaemia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.