ArticleHuman brain mapping2021
Transcranial magnetic stimulation alters multivoxel patterns in the absence of overall activity changes.
Article in Human brain mapping, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Causal connectivity maps derived from single-pulse interleaved TMS/fMRI.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Consensus guidelines for the use of concurrent TMS-fMRI in cognitive and clinical neuroscience.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Causal Connectivity Maps Derived from Single-Pulse Interleaved TMS/fMRI.Research square · 2025Article
- Effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation on the human brain recorded with intracranial electrocorticography.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Article
- Causal mapping of human brain function.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2022Review
- A guide for concurrent TMS-fMRI to investigate functional brain networks.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Article
- Prefrontal stimulation prior to motor sequence learning alters multivoxel patterns in the striatum and the hippocampus.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation alters multivoxel patterns in the absence of overall activity changes.Human brain mapping · 2021Article
- 3D-printed stand, timing interface, and coil localization tools for concurrent TMS-fMRI experiments.Brain stimulationArticle
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has become one of the major tools for establishing the causal role of specific brain regions in perceptual, motor, and cognitive processes. Nevertheless, a persistent limitation of the technique is the lack of clarity regarding its precise effects on neural activity. Here, we examined the effects of TMS intensity and frequency on concurrently recorded blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signals at the site of stimulation. In two experiments, we delivered TMS to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in human subjects of both sexes. In Experiment 1, we delivered a series of pulses at high (100% of motor threshold) or low (50% of motor threshold) intensity, whereas, in Experiment 2, we always used high intensity but delivered stimulation at four different frequencies (5, 8.33, 12.5, and 25 Hz). We found that the TMS intensity and frequency could be reliably decoded using multivariate analysis techniques even though TMS had no effect on the overall BOLD activity at the site of stimulation in either experiment. These results provide important insight into the mechanisms through which TMS influences neural activity.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.