ReviewAmerican journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989)2021
An updated review on the effects of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate on the mucosal biology of the female genital tract.
Review in American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cervicovaginal cytokine profiles and their associations with colposcopic findings in adolescent girls and adult women in South Africa: an exploratory cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Biological Barriers for Drug Delivery and Development of Innovative Therapeutic Approaches in HIV, Pancreatic Cancer, and Hemophilia A/B.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Safety and effectiveness of seahorse extract (Journal of advanced veterinary and animal research · 2024Article
- Review
- Multi-omics analysis of the cervical epithelial integrity of women using depot medroxyprogesterone acetate.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Systems Analysis Reveals Contraceptive-Induced Alteration of Cervicovaginal Gene Expression in a Randomized Trial.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2022Article
- Article
- Crosstalk Between Trophoblast and Macrophage at the Maternal-Fetal Interface: Current Status and Future Perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAccess to safe, effective, and affordable contraception is important for women's health and essential to mitigate maternal and fetal mortality rates. The progestin-based contraceptive depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is a popular contraceptive choice with a low failure rate and convenient administration schedule.
aimIn this review, we compiled observational data from human cohorts that examine how DMPA influences the mucosal biology of the female genital tract (FGT) that are essential in maintaining vaginal health, including resident immune cells, pro-inflammatory cytokines, epithelial barrier function, and the vaginal microbiome MATERIALS AND
methodsThis review focused on the recent published literature published in 2019 and 2020.
resultsRecent longitudinal studies show that DMPA use associates with an immunosuppressive phenotype, increase in CD4+CCR5+ T cells, and alterations to growth factors. In agreement with previous meta-analyses, DMPA use is associated with minimal effects of the composition of the vaginal microbiome. Cross-sectional studies associate a more pro-inflammatory relationship with DMPA, but these studies are confounded by inherent weaknesses of cross-sectional studies, including differences in study group sizes, behaviors, and other variables that may affect genital inflammation. DISCUSSION &
conclusionThese recent results indicate that the interactions between DMPA and the vaginal mucosa are complex emphasizing the need for comprehensive longitudinal studies that take into consideration the measurement of multiple biological parameters.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.