ArticleMolecular psychiatry2021
Associations of family income with cognition and brain structure in USA children: prevention implications.
Article in Molecular psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers.
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Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 124 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Socioeconomic disparities and health-related parenting practices in shaping early infant neurodevelopment: evidence from a Chinese prospective birth cohort.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Associations between socioeconomic factors and mental symptoms highlight whole-body correlates and pathways.iScience · 2026Article
- Contextualizing Socioeconomic Status Effects on Adolescent Brain Structure and Cognitive Skills: Evidence From the ABCD Study.Developmental science · 2026Article
- Individual differences in adolescent cortical development are associated with neighborhood characteristics: Longitudinal findings from the ABCD study.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2026Article
- Geographic Measures of Early Life-Course Social Exposome in the Evaluation of Structural Neuroanatomy: A Scoping Review.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2026Review
- The impact of language proficiency on task-dependent neural activity and functional connectivity: insights from deafness.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2026Article
- Shared Sociodemographic Risk Factors for Neurocognitive Dysfunction in Children With Cancer and Blood Disorders.Pediatric blood & cancer · 2026Article
- Cognition varies across the calendar year in multiple large-scale datasets.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Body mass index, cortical thickness and executive function in late childhood.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Article
- Family income and polygenic scores are independently but not interactively associated with cognitive performance among youth genetically similar to European reference populations.Development and psychopathology · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic status, prefrontal cortical volume, and cardiometabolic risk in early adolescence.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2025Article
- Beyond discrete classifications: a computational approach to the continuum of cognition and behavior in children.Npj mental health research · 2025Article
- Association Between Neighborhood Opportunity, Cognitive Function, and Brain Structure in Youths.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic status and economic hardship attenuated the associations between early tobacco or nicotine use and brain outcomes in preadolescent children.NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
Poverty, as assessed by several socioeconomic (SES) factors, has been linked to worse cognitive performance and reduced cortical brain volumes in children. However, the relative contributions of the various SES factors on brain development and the mediating effects between cognition and brain morphometry have not been investigated. Here we used cross-sectional data from the ABCD Study to evaluate associations among various SES and demographic factors, brain morphometrics, and cognition and their reproducibility in two independent subsamples of 3892 children. Among the SES factors, family income (FI) best explained individual differences in cognitive test scores (stronger for crystallized than for fluid cognition), cortical volume (CV), and thickness (CT). Other SES factors that showed significant associations with cognition and brain morphometrics included parental education and neighborhood deprivation, but when controlling for FI, their effect sizes were negligible and their regional brain patterns were not reproducible. Mediation analyses showed that cognitive scores, which we used as surrogate markers of the children's level of cognitive stimulation, partially mediated the association of FI and CT, whereas the mediations of brain morphometrics on the association of FI and cognition were not significant. These results suggest that lack of supportive/educational stimulation in children from low-income families might drive the reduced CV and CT. Thus, strategies to enhance parental supportive stimulation and the quality of education for children in low-income families could help counteract the negative effects of poverty on children's brain development.
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