ArticleCommunications biology2021
Time-resolved spectroscopic and electrophysiological data reveal insights in the gating mechanism of anion channelrhodopsin.
Article in Communications biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Apusomonad rhodopsins: A new family of ultraviolet to blue light-absorbing rhodopsin channels.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- A second photoactivatable state of the anion-conducting channelrhodopsin GtACR1 empowers persistent activity.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Characterization of the tail current of Channelrhodopsin-2 variants.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2024Article
- Parallel photocycle kinetic model of anion channelrhodopsin GtACR1 function.Biophysical journal · 2024Article
- The open channel state in anion channelrhodopsin GtACR1 is a red-absorbing intermediate.Biophysical journal · 2024Article
- Isospectral intermediates in the photochemical reaction cycle of anion channelrhodopsin GtACR1.Biophysical journal · 2023Article
- A blue-shifted anion channelrhodopsin from the Colpodellida alga Vitrella brassicaformis.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Kalium channelrhodopsins are natural light-gated potassium channels that mediate optogenetic inhibition.Nature neuroscience · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
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Abstract
Channelrhodopsins are widely used in optogenetic applications. High photocurrents and low current inactivation levels are desirable. Two parallel photocycles evoked by different retinal conformations cause cation-conducting channelrhodopsin-2 (CrChR2) inactivation: one with efficient conductivity; one with low conductivity. Given the longer half-life of the low conducting photocycle intermediates, which accumulate under continuous illumination, resulting in a largely reduced photocurrent. Here, we demonstrate that for channelrhodopsin-1 of the cryptophyte Guillardia theta (GtACR1), the highly conducting C = N-anti-photocycle was the sole operating cycle using time-resolved step-scan FTIR spectroscopy. The correlation between our spectroscopic measurements and previously reported electrophysiological data provides insights into molecular gating mechanisms and their role in the characteristic high photocurrents. The mechanistic importance of the central constriction site amino acid Glu-68 is also shown. We propose that canceling out the poorly conducting photocycle avoids the inactivation observed in CrChR2, and anticipate that this discovery will advance the development of optimized optogenetic tools.
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