ReviewPain2021
Shedding light on pain for the clinic: a comprehensive review of using functional near-infrared spectroscopy to monitor its process in the brain.
Review in Pain, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and cortical mechanisms of repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation in non-specific neck and low back pain: a prospective, two-center, randomized, sham-controlled fNIRS study.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Trial
- Clinical and mechanistic responses to a music-based intervention for pain in adults with irritable bowel syndrome: Protocol for a single-arm pilot study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Functional near-infrared spectroscopy: Systematic mapping of abnormal brain function features in neurological disorders.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation enhances exercise-induced hypoalgesia in patients with chronic low back pain.iScience · 2026Article
- Advancing pain assessment in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy for investigating brain activity.British journal of pain · 2026Article
- Functional brain connectivity correlates of pain relief during virtual reality exposure in cancer patients.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Biomechanical optimization of rolling manipulation for lumbar muscle strain: a study protocol of cerebral hemodynamic responses and clinical efficacy using fNIRS.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Article
- Phantom for standardization in functional near-infrared spectroscopy, part 1: implementation and usage.Neurophotonics · 2025Article
- Article
- Pain classification using functional near infrared spectroscopy and assessment of virtual reality effects in cancer pain management.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Cortical activity during painful and non-painful stimulation over four lower limb body sites: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Working Memory Load-Dependent Cortical Mechanism of Distraction Analgesia in Healthy Individuals: An fNIRS Study.Journal of pain research · 2025Article
- Functional Near-Infrared Spectrometry as a Useful Diagnostic Tool for Understanding the Visual System: A Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Global trends and performances of infrared imaging technology studies on acupuncture: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
- Analysis of pain research literature through keyword Co-occurrence networks.PLOS digital health · 2023Article
- Measuring pain and nociception: Through the glasses of a computational scientist. Transdisciplinary overview of methods.Frontiers in network physiology · 2023Review
- Self-administered transcranial direct current stimulation treatment of knee osteoarthritis alters pain-related fNIRS connectivity networks.Neurophotonics · 2023Article
- A study based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy: Cortical responses to music interventions in patients with myofascial pain syndrome.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2023Article
- Migraine classification by machine learning with functional near-infrared spectroscopy during the mental arithmetic task.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Brain Mechanisms of Virtual Reality Breathing Versus Traditional Mindful Breathing in Pain Modulation: Observational Functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
abstractPain is a complex experience that involves sensation, emotion, and cognition. The subjectivity of the traditional pain measurement tools has expedited the interest in developing neuroimaging techniques to monitor pain objectively. Among noninvasive neuroimaging techniques, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has balanced spatial and temporal resolution; yet, it is portable, quiet, and cost-effective. These features enable fNIRS to image the cortical mechanisms of pain in a clinical environment. In this article, we evaluated pain neuroimaging studies that used the fNIRS technique in the past decade. Starting from the experimental design, we reviewed the regions of interest, probe localization, data processing, and primary findings of these existing fNIRS studies. We also discussed the fNIRS imaging's potential as a brain surveillance technique for pain, in combination with artificial intelligence and extended reality techniques. We concluded that fNIRS is a brain imaging technique with great potential for objective pain assessment in the clinical environment.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.