Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33989819›Full record

ArticleBrain stimulation

Sonothermogenetics for noninvasive and cell-type specific deep brain neuromodulation.

Yaoheng Yang, Christopher Pham Pacia, Dezhuang Ye, Lifei Zhu, Hongchae Baek, Yimei Yue, Jinyun Yuan, Mark J Miller, Jianmin Cui, Joseph P Culver and 2 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Brain stimulation. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
41citing papers in PubMed
5.8field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

41 citing papers in PubMed, 97 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
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  4. Ultrasound Modulation of Visual Circuits in Mice Independent of Auditory Confound.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  5. Review
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  9. Article
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  12. Genetics-Based Targeting Strategies for Precise Neuromodulation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Review
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Sonogenetics in the Treatment of Chronic Diseases: A New Method for Cell Regulation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Airy-beam holographic sonogenetics for advancing neuromodulation precision and flexibility.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  19. Force-Based Neuromodulation.Accounts of chemical research · 2024
    Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Yaoheng YangDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
Christopher Pham PaciaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
Dezhuang YeDepartment of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
Lifei ZhuDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
Hongchae BaekDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
Yimei YueDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
Jinyun YuanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
Mark J MillerDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
Jianmin CuiDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
Joseph P CulverDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63130, USA; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
Michael R BruchasDepartment of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine. Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion. University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
Hong ChenDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63130, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63108, USA. Electronic address: hongchen@wustl.edu.
Washington University in St. Louis · USUniversity of Washington · US

Funding

Image-guided focused ultrasound-mediated intranasal brain drug delivery technique (FUSIN)R01EB027223 · NIBIB · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Hong Chen · 2019 to 2026
$4.3M
Focused ultrasound-enabled brain tumor liquid biopsy (FUS-LBx) supplementR01EB030102 · NIBIB · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Hong Chen · 2020 to 2026
$4.3M
FOCUS: FUNCTIONAL OPTICAL IMAGING FEEDBACK-CONTROLLED CELLULAR-LEVEL ULTRASOUND STIMULATIONR01MH116981 · NIMH · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI CHEN, HONG · 2018 to 2021
$2.8M
NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB027223NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB030102NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH116981
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCritical advances in the investigation of brain functions and treatment of brain disorders are hindered by our inability to selectively target neurons in a noninvasive manner in the deep brain.

objectiveThis study aimed to develop sonothermogenetics for noninvasive, deep-penetrating, and cell-type-specific neuromodulation by combining a thermosensitive ion channel TRPV1 with focused ultrasound (FUS)-induced brief, non-noxious thermal effect.

methodsThe sensitivity of TRPV1 to FUS sonication was evaluated in vitro. It was followed by in vivo assessment of sonothermogenetics in the activation of genetically defined neurons in the mouse brain by two-photon calcium imaging. Behavioral response evoked by sonothermogenetic stimulation at a deep brain target was recorded in freely moving mice. Immunohistochemistry staining of ex vivo brain slices was performed to evaluate the safety of FUS sonication.

resultsTRPV1 was found to be an ultrasound-sensitive ion channel. FUS sonication at the mouse brain in vivo selectively activated neurons that were genetically modified to express TRPV1. Temporally precise activation of TRPV1-expressing neurons was achieved with its success rate linearly correlated with the peak temperature within the FUS-targeted brain region as measured by in vivo magnetic resonance thermometry. FUS stimulation of TRPV1-expressing neurons at the striatum repeatedly evoked locomotor behavior in freely moving mice. FUS sonication was confirmed to be safe based on inspection of neuronal integrity, inflammation, and apoptosis markers.

conclusionsThis noninvasive and cell-type-specific neuromodulation approach with the capability to stimulate deep brain has the promise to advance the study of the intact nervous system and uncover new ways to treat neurological disorders.

Indexed as

BrainNervous System DiseasesAnimalsMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyMiceNeuronsSonicationCalcium imagingFocused ultrasoundIon channelNeuromodulationSonothermogenetics

Identifiers

PMID33989819
PMCPMC8995105
OpenAlexW3161509796

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.