ArticlePloS one2021
Characterization of geographic mobility among participants in facility- and community-based tuberculosis case finding in urban Uganda.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sociological variety and the transmission efficiency ofBMJ open · 2021Trial
- The association of household conditions with the development of active pulmonary TB among in households with a previous TB patient: a community-based case-control study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Patient mobility and travel distance to receive drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment, and their associations with loss to follow-up in Guizhou Province, China.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Mobility patterns, activity locations, and TB in Nairobi, Kenya.The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease · 2025Article
- Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among casual labourers working in selected road construction sites in central Uganda.PloS one · 2024Article
- Higher yield using an event-based vs. door-to-door approach for active case-finding for TB.The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease · 2023Article
- Air pollution and mobility patterns in two Ugandan cities during COVID-19 mobility restrictions suggest the validity of air quality data as a measure for human mobility.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2023Article
- Geographic mobility and treatment outcomes among people in care for tuberculosis in the Lake Victoria region of East Africa: A multi-site prospective cohort study.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Connecting the dots: understanding how human mobility shapes TB epidemics.Trends in microbiology · 2022Review
- Geospatial analysis of reported activity locations to identify sites for tuberculosis screening.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Tuberculosis contact tracing yield and associated factors in Uganda.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInternational and internal migration are recognized risk factors for tuberculosis (TB). Geographic mobility, including travel for work, education, or personal reasons, may also play a role in TB transmission, but this relationship is poorly defined. We aimed to define geographic mobility among participants in facility- and community-based TB case finding in Kampala, Uganda, and to assess associations between mobility, access to care, and TB disease.
methodsWe included consecutive individuals age ≥15 years diagnosed with TB disease through either routine health facility practices or community-based case finding (consisting of door-to-door testing, venue-based screening, and contact investigation). Each case was matched with one (for community-based enrollment) or two (health facility enrollment) TB-negative controls. We conducted a latent class analysis (LCA) of eight self-reported characteristics to identify and define mobility; we selected the best-fit model using Bayesian Information Criterion. We assessed associations between mobility and TB case status using multivariable conditional logistic regression.
resultsWe enrolled 267 cases and 432 controls. Cases were more likely than controls to have been born in Kampala (p<0.001); there was no difference between cases and controls for remaining mobility characteristics. We selected a two-class LCA model; the "mobile" class was perfectly correlated with a single variable: travel (>3 km) from residence ≥2 times per month. Mobility was associated with a 28% reduction in odds of being a TB case (adjusted matched odds ratio 0.72 [95% confidence interval 0.49, 1.06]).
conclusionFrequency of out-of-neighborhood travel is an easily measured variable that correlates closely with predicted mobility class membership. Mobility was associated with decreased risk of TB disease; this may be in part due to the higher socioeconomic status of mobile individuals in this population. However, more research is needed to improve assessment of mobility and understand how mobility affects disease risk and transmission.
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