ArticleInfection2021
Effects of a 4-year intervention on hand hygiene compliance and incidence of healthcare associated infections: a longitudinal study.
Article in Infection, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hand hygiene compliance among healthcare workers before and after a CFIR-guided role-stratified intervention: a mixed-methods study in a tertiary hospital.Frontiers in public health · 2026Observational
- Enhancing hand hygiene compliance in healthcare environmental services staff: a systematic approach to indicator development.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2025Article
- Article
- Knowledge of hand hygiene and evaluation of hand washing technique among nurses at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital.BMC nursing · 2024Article
- Decreased hospital-acquired respiratory infections among older inpatients during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective observational study in a general hospital in China.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Observational
- Improving Antimicrobial Utilization and Infection Control in Ophthalmology: An Information-Assisted Transparent Supervision and Multidisciplinary Team Model.Infection and drug resistance · 2024Article
- Core components of infection prevention and control programs at the facility level in Kazakhstan: key challenges and opportunities.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2023Article
- Barriers and Problems in Implementing Health-Associated Infections Surveillance Systems in Iran: A Qualitative Study.Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2023Article
- Clean hands, safe care: how knowledge, attitude, and practice impact hand hygiene among nurses in Najran, Saudi Arabia.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Editorial: Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on nosocomial infection.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeStudies have demonstrated improvements in hand hygiene (HH) compliance through interventions, noting the negative association of HH and healthcare associated infections (HAIs), but how to sustain long-term improvement is still unknown in the Chinese population. This study sought to determine the extent of change in HH compliance after multimodal HH interventions, and to evaluate the relationship between that change and HAI incidence.
methodsWe conducted a longitudinal study in a general teaching hospital in China from 2017 to 2020. Trained investigators observed HH practices based on the World Health Organization's 5 moments for HH. We identified the incidence of HAIs using semi-automated constant surveillance software. We used the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test to assess the secular trend of HH compliance and HAIs. The Spearman correlation coefficient (r
resultsThe study made 480,943 observations, where HH was occurring between 2017 and 2020. HH compliance increased from 68.90 to 91.76% during that period (P
conclusionsThe multimodal HH implementation delivered sustained improvement in HH compliance, and this change was associated with a decline in the incidence of HAIs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.